Suicide Bombing Essay Example for Free

Self destruction Bombing Essay Self destruction psychological warfare isn't primarily the result of Islamic fundamentalism or some other fiendishness philosophy autonomous of situation. The world chief in self destruction fear based oppression is the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka theyre a Marxist gathering, a common gathering, a Hindu gathering. The Tamil Tigers have submitted more self destruction psychological militant assaults than Hamas or Islamic Jihad. Rather, what in excess of 95 percent of all self destruction fear monger assaults since 1980 share for all intents and purpose are not religion, yet a particular mainstream objective: to urge current vote based systems to pull back military powers from the region the psychological oppressors see as their country. From Lebanon to Chechnya to Kashmir to Sri Lanka toward the West Bank, each self destruction psychological oppressor battle since 1980 has had as its primary target to constrain a popularity based state to pull back battle powers from an area that the fear mongers prize. Generally are hierarchical roused and enthusiasm and strictly inspiration are two unique edges of same picture. Strict talk may help convince assailants that their motivation is either essential or respectable, and that celebrates or renames self destruction as suffering, yet it doesn't clarify why self destruction aggressors pick that specific strategy. These can be clarified by considering some different elements like individual, authoritative, ecological and injury based inspirations. Self destruction Bombing is a demonstration of viciousness that murders the assailant himself notwithstanding spectators, however that likewise speaks to a strategy of fear based oppressor associations. The plane sees in his psyche that by dehumanizing others he will get additional prizes like the radicals and aficionados of strict sections think; by giving their life they would be allowed to enter the paradise. Some different reasons which mentally impact the psyche of a fear based oppressors are close to home inspiration, hierarchical, natural, injury based inspirations. Associations give the methods, techniques and gathering self-inspired principal self destruction fear based oppression activities and regularly the belief system also. They emerge from an unpredictable blend of social and political conditions, mental and strict setting and transaction between the activities, notions and talk of fear gatherings, their supporters and the apparent oppressor/foe. When taking a gander at the inspirations on the authoritative level we should recognize that fear supporting associations are to a great extent political in their inspirations and resort to psychological oppression when other political arrangements have fizzled and to self destruction psychological oppression when a particular situation exist. At the point when one considers the self destruction dread gatherings employments of religion to spur people to join to kick the bucket, it bodes well. Any devotee of any confidence who is convinced of the will demonstration in remarkable manners. Its history portrays that in south India, in the late eleventh century, the nearby Kulasekhara realm had unique self-destructive crews to battle against their strong neighbors, the Cholas. These Nair warriors were exceptionally prepared in purported Kalaris. These Nair race later changed as the leaders of the district, and in war festivlas like Mamankam, they were still being used aganist the Zamorin leaders of Calicut. In the late seventeenth century, Qing official Yu Yonghe recorded that harmed Dutch troopers battling against Koxingas powers for control of Taiwan in 1661 would go through black powder to blow both themselves and their adversaries as opposed to be taken prisoner. In any case, the Chinese eyewitness may have confounded such self-destructive strategies with the standard Dutch military act of subverting and exploding positions as of late overwhelm by the foe which nearly cost Koxinga his life during the attack. During the Belgian Revolution, Dutch Lieutenant Jan van Speijk exploded his own boat in the harbor of Antwerp to forestall its catch by the Belgians. Another model was the Prussian trooper Karl Klinke on 18 April 1864 at the Battle of Dybbol, who passed on puncturing a Danish fortress. In the eighteenth century John Paul Jones expounded on Ottoman mariners setting their own boats ablaze and slamming the boats of their foes, despite the fact that they knew this implied unavoidable demise for them. Present day self destruction besieging as a political apparatus can be followed back to the death of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in 1881. Alexander succumbed to a Nihilist plot. While driving on one of the focal boulevards ofSaint Petersburg, close to the Winter Palace, he was mortally injured by the blast of hand-made explosives and passed on a couple of hours a short time later. The Tsar was murdered by an individual from Narodnaya Volya,Ignacy Hryniewiecki, who passed on while purposefully detonating the bomb during the assault. Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff planned to kill Adolf Hitler by self destruction bomb in 1943, however couldn't finish the assault. During the Battle for Berlin the Luftwaffe flew Selbstopfereinsatz against Soviet extensions over the Oderriver. These missions were flown by pilots of the Leonidas Squadron under the order of Lieutenant Colonel Heiner Lange. From 17 April until 20 April 1945, utilizing any airplane that were accessible, the Luftwaffe asserted that the unit crushed 17 scaffolds; anyway the military student of history Antony Beevor when expounding on the occurrence believes this was misrepresented and that lone the railroad connect at Kustrin was certainly obliterated. He remarks that thirty-five pilots and airplane was a significant expense to pay for such a restricted and transitory achievement. The missions were canceled when the Soviet ground powers arrived at the region of the units airbase at Juterbog. Following World War II, Viet Minh passing volunteers battled against the French Colonial Forces by utilizing a long stick-like dangerous to pulverize French tanks. It has out of nowhere taken off out of control spreading from Lebanon to Palestine, Sri Lanka, Chechnya, Morocco, Indonesia, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Iraq and now tragically in any event, beginning in Europe and European reproduced planes currently in any event, focusing on Europe itself. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) completes its first self destruction besieging at the Nelliady armed force camp murdering 40 security power (SF) faculty. May 21st 1911 Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and 18 people are executed by a female self destruction aircraft in the town of Sriperumbudur, roughly 30 miles from Chennai, capital of the southern State of Tamil Nadu. This was the historical backdrop of self destruction shelling which shows that none of them were moved reason for Islam. The psychological militant expect he is in an extraterrestrial fight, including prophetically catastrophic powers which will clear out either his side or the other, thus testing a war of resistance; He ought to dehumanize and his foes by considering them to be the adversaries of God; In joining the gathering and taking on its qualities and lessons, he has taken in the brain of God is approved to act in the fight by the desire of God; The fight wherein he is battling is for hallowed qualities and he should go to unprecedented intends to kill and spot out those he sees as wrongdoers even guiltless regular people who he accepts are disrupting the general flow of and affronting God’s will. It might be imperative that self destruction aircraft for the most part are somewhat youthful guys between the ages of 18 and 27. This reality is groundbreaking for various reasons. Initially, it is the age when testosterone takes off. Studies fundamentally connected testosterone creation to predominance direction in guys. At the point when the longing to rule is fulfilled, high testosterone isn't identified with an ascent in forcefulness, anyway when such want is disappointed it brings about expanded likelihood of forceful reaction against oneself or others. The primary inspirational set is an injury based and happens inside zones of dynamic clash. It is frequently: nationalistic; saw as far as self and network guard; expressive with respect to distributing equity to the apparent adversary occupier; and incorporates demonstrations of retribution. The people inspired inside this set have seen firsthand and over the TV their neighbors, relatives and friends and family murdered by what they see as an involving power. Many have grown up seeing innumerable demonstrations of savagery and thus have not grown regularly and frequently experience the ill effects of posttraumatic stress and dissociative issue. Many have lost positions, instructive chances, been embarrassed, and regularly battle for fundamental day by day needs and security. While most of damaged people in strife zones won't become self destruction aircraft regardless of whether welcomed to do as such, an amazingly little gathering will get defenseless against psychological militant belief systems that advance this strategy. While self destruction fear based oppression is arranged and executed by people who are individuals from associations, gatherings, or cells, these two levels are thusly impacted by more extensive natural conditions that incorporate the political, social, chronicled, social, financial, and strict setting. Unmistakably, a portion of these sub-components of the more extensive condition are more applicable sometimes than in others. Robert Pape, a political theory teacher at the University of Chicago and a famous master on self destruction psychological oppression, contends in his new book Dying To Win that albeit Islamic fundamentalism is by all accounts the undeniable essential diver for self destruction fear based oppression, in any event half of the self destruction fear monger assaults during the period 1980-2003 were not related with Muslim fundamentalists. The conviction for the solid connection between Islamic fundamentalism and self destruction fear mongering, Pape says, has energized the conviction that to stay away from future assaults like those of 11 September 2001, there is a dire requirement for an extreme change of Muslim social orders. In any case, this assumed association between self destruction psychological warfare and Islamic fundamentalism is misdirecting and perhaps promising local and international strategies that are probably going to intensify Americas circumstance. Among 1980 and the finish of 2003 there were 315 self destruction fear monger acts. The general head is the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a mainstream bunch battling to set up an autonomous state. As per a few records, the T

History of India Essay

India, or Bharat, the fifth biggest and the second populated nation on the planet, is one of only a handful scarcely any nations which can flaunt an old, profound established and different culture, which stretches back to 5000 years. In old occasions, India was known as ‘Bharata Varsha’, the nation of the incredible ruler of Puranic occasions called Bharat, and was accepted to be a piece of the island mainland called ‘Jambu Dvipa’. Geographically, India shaped piece of the Gondwana land and was connected to Antarctica and Australia, before it was freed from the Antarctica complex around 135 million years back and began floating towards the north lastly joining South Asia around 45 million years prior. The Siwalik lower regions of the north-western Himalayas filled in as home to the fossil primate sort known as Ramapithecus, which experienced somewhere in the range of 14 million years back. Looks into have additionally discovered that an animal categories taking after the Australopithecus lived in India nearly 2 million years back. A few anthropologists accept that the Chotanagpur area saw the change of Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens. This case depends on the discoveries of hand tomahawks and edges in the district of Pathalgarwa and the revelation of Harappan ceramics in the close by territories. Early Civilisations Broad archeological unearthings completed at Mohenjodaro in the current Pakistan in 1922 uncovered the presence of a profoundly refined and urbanized culture known as the Harappan Civilization in India, which ruled the north-western piece of the Indian Subcontinent. It is accepted that this civilisation secured a zone of 1600 km from east to west and 1100 km from north to south, which surpasses the region involved by contemporary civilisations like the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilisations. This civilisation is commonly dated from around 2600 to 2000 B.C. In any case, Carbon-14 examination of the structures at Mehrgarh close to the Bolan Pass has demonstrated that the individuals of this spot were developing wheat and grain and tending sheep and goat as right on time as 5000 B.C. Archeologists have at this point found in excess of 800 locales identified with the Harappan Civilisation. Most researchers accept that the Harappan Civilisation was rotted because of the ‘problems of ecology’. The following most significant stage in the Indian history came hundreds of years after the fact with the appearance of Aryans from the northwest of India. The Aryan relocation to India was steady and spread over numerous hundreds of years. There is a distinction of sentiment about the first home of the Aryans. The various proposals given by various researchers change significantly as far as geographic situation on the planet. Bal Gangadhar Tilak recommended that the Arctic locale could be the home of Aryans. P.Giles recommended Hungary, Austria, Bohemia or the Valley of Danube as the conceivable home of Aryans, while Max Muller proposed Central Asia, Penka recommended Germany or Scandinavia, Edward Mayer proposed Plateau of Pamir and Dr B.K.Ghosh and Gordon Childe proposed South Russia. There are other people who vouch for an Indian inception of the Aryans, as Ganganath Jha (starting point from Brahmarishi Desh), D.S.Kala (bumpy area of Himalayas and Kashmir), Avinashchandra Das (Saptasindhu Pradesh) and Rajbali Pandey (Madhya Desh). The Aryans built up an amazing society, prevalently known as Vedic culture, which was especially not the same as the Harappan Culture. The Vedic time frame is isolated into the Rig Vedic Period (1500-1000 B.C.) and the Later Vedic Period (1000-600 B.C.). The Vedic time frame can be considered as the establishment stone for the Indian culture in the entirety of its innumerable perspectives. It established the framework for the Hindu Dharma and created a large group of strict and common writings, which comprise a significant piece of the strict legacy of India. The Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and the Dharmashastras were delivered during these occasions. The organization of gotra and the rank framework showed up in the later Vedic occasions. From this period onwards, India worked as a for all intents and purposes independent political and social unit, which offered ascend to a particular custom that was related principally with Hinduism, albeit different religions, quite Buddhism and Jainism in the antiquated occasions, Islam in the medieval period and Christianity in the cutting edge times, made a solid effect on the socio-social parts of India. Perpetual Diversity There is an unending assorted variety in India beginning from its physical highlights to Geologic structure, fauna and greenery, segment structure, races, dialects, religions, expressions and specialties and customs and conventions. India has been differently depicted as â€Å"the Mini World†, the â€Å"epitome of the world† and a â€Å"ethnological museum†. The decent varieties are dazing to such an extent that for some individuals in the Western world, India stays a land loaded with secrets and fantasies. The assorted variety in India is extraordinary as in it ties the nation together in some type of basic distinguishing proof. Underneath this decent variety lies the progression of Indian human advancement and social structure from the most punctual occasions until the current day. This idea of ‘Unity in Diversity’ is maybe ordinary of India and has filled in as its quality during all ages and during the most unpleasant occasions in its political and social history. Unfortunately various components of Indian culture, especially its show and expressions of the human experience, in spite of going through various political stages, are portrayed by an obvious solidarity and progression. The progressive influxes of relocation into India beginning with the Indo-Greeks (second Century B.C.), the Kushans (First century A.D.), the invasions from the northwest by Arab, Turkish, Persian and others starting in the mid eighth century A.D. lastly the foundation of the Muslim domain by the thirteenth century A.D. furthermore, the appearance of Europeans ‘ the Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danes and the French ‘ into India, have acquired new components in expressions, music, writing, customs and conventions, which got consumed into the Indian lifestyle, along these lines enhancing the Indian culture. From the antiquated occasions India not just consumed the remote societies into its composite overlap, yet it additionally figured out how to spread the rich components of its own one of a kind culture in various pieces of the world. It is truly recorded that the Chola rulers had social contacts with nations like Ilamandalam (Sri Lanka), Sri Vijaya (Sumatra), Chavakam (Java), Kamboja (Cambodia) and Kadaram (Malay Peninsula). Confirmations of these early Indian contacts are as yet found in the workmanship and engineering of these nations. The Southeast Asian nations framed a fortification of Indian culture from the early hundreds of years of the Christian period. The different Southeast Asian dialects show solid impact of Sanskrit. Numerous prior realms of these nations had received Hinduism as their religion, whose impact is noticeable even today. India presents an image of solidarity in decent variety to which history gives no equal. There is finished amicability in India in every one of its social components. Religion and reasoning, which shapes the bedrock of any civilisation, are apparent in India as every significant religion on the planet †Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism. A few remarkable philosophical considerations like Kapila’s Sankhya Philosophy, Patanjali’s Yoga, Gautami’s Nyaya, Kananada’s Vaisheshika and Jaimini’s Purva Mimamsa created in India and pulled in the consideration of the outside world. Strict resistance has been the quality of the Indian civilisation directly from the antiquated days. Hindu sages pronounce that there is no single religion that encourages ways prompting an elite way to salvation. All authentic profound ways are legitimate and every single incredible religion resemble the parts of a tree ‘ the tree of religion. This regulation establishes framework for the Hindu perfect of all inclusive congruity. This custom was conveyed forward in the medieval occasions by the Sufi and Bhakti holy people like Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Baba Farid, Baba Malukadasa, Baba Dharinidasa and Garibadasa. In reality, the composers of the Indian Constitution guaranteed the duration of these radiant conventions when they announced India as â€Å"Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic†. Provincial Diversity: Each territory of India has its own language and set of clans, celebrations, expressions and specialties and customs and conventions. While there are the Chenchus clans in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, Bhils and Gonds in the Central India, Dogris, Gujjars and Ladakhis in the Jammu and Kashmir and Nagas, Bodos, Mishmis, Gharos and Khasis in the Northeast, there are clans like the Jarewas, Onges, Andamanis and Sentinelese in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. There are a few celebrations, which are common of specific states, towns or towns like the Bonnalu of Andhra Pradesh, Pushkar of Rajasthan, Rajrani of Orissa, Teej of Rajasthan and Bogali Bihu of Assam. Every locale is additionally related to its run of the mill society and ancestral move structures, as Puli Vesham of Andhra Pradesh, Keli Gopal of Assam, Chhau of Bihar, Dandia of Gujarat, Bhangra of Punjab and Otthanthulal of Kerala. A comparative differentiation can likewise be built up in the society dramatization, theater and puppetry structures, as additionally human expressions and artworks. Advancement of Arts and Fine Arts There was a constant advancement of show, music, move, painting and people works of art under the diverse political standards in India that eventually prompted the improvement of the unmistakable ‘Indian’ component in every one of these structures. Along these lines, inside the climate of Indian culture one can distinguish ‘Indian Music’, ‘Indian Dance’, ‘Indian Theatre’, ‘Indian Literature’, ‘Indian Fairs and Festivals’, etc. Indian music has a long and u

Underground Railroad

Underground Railroad Underground Railroad, in U.S. history, loosely organized system for helping fugitive slaves escape to Canada or to areas of safety in free states. It was run by local groups of Northern abolitionists , both white and free blacks. The metaphor first appeared in print in the early 1840s, and other railroad terminology was soon added. The escaping slaves were called passengers; the homes where they were sheltered, stations; and those who guided them, conductors. This nomenclature, along with the numerous, somewhat glorified, personal reminiscences written by conductors in the postwar period, created the impression that the Underground Railroad was a highly systematized, national, secret organization that accomplished prodigious feats in stealing slaves away from the South. In fact, most of the help given to fugitive slaves on their varied routes north was spontaneously offered and came not only from abolitionists or self-styled members of the Underground Railroad, but from anyone move d to sympathy by the plight of the runaway slave before his eyes. The major part played by free blacks, of both North and South, and by slaves on plantations along the way in helping fugitives escape to freedom was underestimated in nearly all early accounts of the railroad. Moreover, the resourcefulness and daring of the fleeing slaves themselves, who were usually helped only after the most dangerous part of their journey (i.e., the Southern part) was over, were probably more important factors in the success of their escape than many conductors readily admitted. In some localities, like Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Wilmington, Del., and Newport, Ind. (site of the activities of Levi Coffin ), energetic organizers did manage to loosely systematize the work; Quakers were particularly prominent as conductors, and among the free blacks the exploits of Harriet Tubman stand out. In all cases, however, it is extremely difficult to separate fact from legend, especially since relatively few enslaved blacks, probably no more than between 1,000 and 5,000 a year between 1830 and 1860, escaped successfully. Far from being kept secret, details of escapes on the Underground Railroad were highly publicized and exaggerated in both the North and the South, although for different reasons. The abolitionists used the Underground Railroad as a propaganda device to dramatize the evils of slavery; Southern slaveholders publicized it to illustrate Northern infidelity to the fugitive slave laws . The effect of this publicity, with its repeated tellings and exaggerations of slave escapes, was to create an Underground Railroad legend that represented a humanitarian ideal of the preâ€"Civil War period but strayed far from reality. W. Still's The Underground Railroad (1872) contains the narratives of slaves who escaped the South through Philadelphia. See also W. H. Siebert's pioneering though somewhat misleading The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom (1898, repr. 1968); for extensively revised accounts, see L. Gara, The Liberty Line (1961), D. Blight, ed., Passages to Freedom (2004), F. Bordewich, Bound for Canaan (2005), and E. Foner, Gateway to Freedom (2015). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Professional Ethics, Trust, And Acm Code Of Ethics Essay

How does professional ethic play a role in the IT industry? How does the ACM code of ethics help set out the expectations of the professional’s behavior? Is a whistle-blowing morally permissible in some cases even if trust has been violated? In answering these questions, the paper will dive deeply into the definitions of professional ethics, trust, and ACM code of Ethics. Next, is the examination of De George’s model and how it applies to professional ethics and the analysis of a recent case involving Edward Snowden, an ex-NSA employee, who intentionally leaked sensitive US-government information. Professional Ethics When working in an organization, it is usually important to establish professional ethics while following consistent ethical principles. Professional ethics are personal and corporate standards of behavior that are set by businesses, associations, and organization. It creates an institution that reflects our own values and make us feel more confident about what is an acceptable behavior and what is not. This type of ethic could vary depending on the various types of situations, professions, and personal values. Many professionals that are trusted by the public like doctors, accountants, engineers and even an information technologist all have a Code of Ethics, which sets out expectations of the member’s behavior and how they operate internally and externally. Within the IT profession, is the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Code of Ethics which isShow MoreRelatedRequirement of Certification for Higher Education1115 Words   |  4 Pageseducation can also be used in substitute for the 1,500 hours of experience as well. This certification is the most attainable by a college student still in school. The most valuable and sought-after certification is that of the Project Management Professional (PMP). 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ACM position the midwife as the primary profession for quality maternity care founded during training, through the direction of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) â€Å"Code of Professional Conduct For Midwives In Australia† (CPC) and reinforced by the â€Å"Code of Ethics ForRead MoreThe Midwife As Distinguished By Leap1512 Words   |  7 PagesCollege of Midwives (ACM) (2016a) defines the midwife role as meeting â€Å"each woman’s social, emotional, physical, spiritual and cultural needs, expectations and context as defined by the woman herself† (para. 7). 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Decision Essay - 1162 Words

Decision Everything you do is a choice. You choose the way you are living today. As we walk on the path of life, we are presented with cross roads and forks. Some are pretty obvious which turn we should take. However, not everything is easy in life. And in the fast pace life we are currently living in right now, we move so fast that we meet many more challenges than before and often, we hastily decide on the choices we make. You will make decisions in your life. Some of these decisions will be incredibly good and result with you experiencing a much improved quality of life. Other decisions will be poor, yielding little benefit, or worse, cause more damage than good. Yes, whether its right or wrong, it still is a†¦show more content†¦She realized her boss only wanted to squeeze more work out of her. In short, her current job sucks. Thus, she knew she has to move. Thats basically seems like a logical move! But she also reminded herself that the job is quite stable and it pays her pretty well. Moving away from this job means moving away from a stable source of income into the unknown again. So, what can she do? What are the choices here? As I said earlier, theres is no right or wrong choices here. You decide which course of action is best for you. Here, the one that is willing to take a bit of risk and willing to take on new challenges for a better job prospect will naturally decide to leave for a new job. And the less secure will choose to continue with the lousy job. My point here is, dont blame the circumstances. Blame yourself if you find in a situation that you do not like. It was your decision that brought you to where you are today. Did anyone make the decision for you? Even if someone forces you to make a decision, ultimately, it still is your choice and decision. This is where the successful differentiate themselves from the average. They realize that their decisions today determine their future. So, its not a choice of lik ing. They deliberately choose to be what they want to be in the future. In short, what you do today defines what you are tomorrow. And all this boils down the decisions you make in life. With all of the saying, Ive madeShow MoreRelatedDecision Decisions : Decisions And Decisions1210 Words   |  5 PagesDecisions, decisions. Should I follow my heart and do what I always wanted to do? Or just accept the reality that my mind is telling me? This was a constant battle within myself in which led to a lot of sleepless nights and long talks with my parents, which were not always the greatest. Ultimately a moment in my life had come where I only had two choices. The choices were; either I continue to play soccer and go to college; or I would work and go to college. 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Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreDecision Tree Analysis On Decision Trees1277 Words   |  6 PagesDecision Tree Analysis A decision tree is a widespread technique of designing and envisaging predictive patterns and systems. It is a tree-structured design of a set of aspects to test in direction to expect the output. Decision trees are effective and accepted implements for prediction and classification. The value of decision trees is because of the reality that, in compare to neural networks, it signifies rules. Rules can quickly be articulated so that individuals can comprehend them or even directly

All the Presidents of India Free Essays

1| Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963)| | 26 January 1950| 13 May 1962| Dr. S Radhakrishnan| 1952 election page  Ã‚  1957 election page Prasad was the first President of independent India from Bihar. [7][8]  He was also an independence activist of the Indian Independence Movement. We will write a custom essay sample on All the Presidents of India or any similar topic only for you Order Now [9]Prasad was the only president to serve for two terms in office. [4]| 2| Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975)| | 13 May 1962| 13 May 1967| Zakir Hussain| 1962 election page Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a  Knight of the Realm  and also held the position of  vice chancellor  of the  Andhra University  andBanaras Hindu University. 10]  He was also made a Knight of the  Golden Army of Angels  by  Pope Paul VI. [11]| 3| Zakir Hussain (1897–1969)| | 13 May 1967| 3 May 1969| Varahagiri Venkata Giri| 1967 election page Hussain was vice chancellor of theAligarh Muslim University  and a recipient of  Padma Vibhushan  andBharat Ratna. [12]  He died before his term of office was ended. | | Varahagiri Venkata Giri  * (1894–1980)| | 3 May 1969| 20 July 1969| | Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain. [13]  He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections. [5]| | Muhammad Hidayatullah  * 1905–1992)| | 20 July 1969| 24 August 1969| | Hidayatullah served as the  Chief Justice of India, and was a recipient of the  Order of the British Empire. [14]  He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India. | 4| Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894–1980)| | 24 August 1969| 24 August 1974| Gopal Swarup Pathak| 1969 election page Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to  Ceylon  (Sri Lanka). [15]| 5| Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1905–1977)| | 24 August 1974| 11 February 1977| Basappa Danappa Jatti| 1974 elect ion page Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office. [16]| | Basappa Danappa Jatti  * (1912–2002)| | 11 February 1977| 25 July 1977| | Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed’s term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed’s death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State ofMysore. [16][17]| 6| Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1913–1996)| | 25 July 1977| 25 July 1982| Muhammad Hidayatullah| 1977 election page N. S. Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh. [18]  He was unanimously elected Speaker of the  Lok Sabha  on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India. | 7| Giani Zail Singh (1916–1994)| | 25 July 1982| 25 July 1987| Ramaswamy Venkataraman| 1982 election page In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister. 19]| 8| Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1910–2009)| | 25 July 1987| 25 July 1992| Shankar Dayal Sharma| 1987 election page In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in theIndia’s independence  movement. [20]After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence. [21]| 9| Shankar Dayal Sharma 1918–1999)| | 25 July 1992| 25 July 1997| Kocheril Raman Narayanan| 1992 election page Sharma was Chief Minister of  Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of  Andhra Pradesh,  Punjaband  Maharashtra. [22]| 10| Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1920–2005)| | 25 July 1997| 25 July 2002| Krishan Kant| 1997 election page Narayanan served as India’s ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities. [23]  He was also the vice-chancellor of  Jawaharlal Nehru University. 24]| 11| A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–)| | 25 July 2002| 25 July 2007| Bhairon Singh Shekhawat| 2002 election page Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India’s ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. [25]  Kalam also received theBharat Ratna. | 12| Pratibha Patil (1934–)| | 25 July 2007| Incumbent| Mohammad Hamid Ansari| 2007 election page Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan. [26][27]| ————————————————- [edit]Timeline How to cite All the Presidents of India, Papers

Tesco Performance Management Performance And Productivity - Free Solu

Question: Discuss about the Tesco Performance Management for Performance and Productivity. Answer: Introduction In recent times, Human Resource Management has emerged as a critical business function. With time, organisation have realized the benefits that performance management system can have. Simply defined, Performance management is a process by which managers and employees work together to plan, monitor and review an employee's work objectives and overall contribution to the organisation. The objective of this report is to discuss the performance management system of Tesco. The company was established in 1919 and since then it has expanded in different parts of the world (Zhao, 2014). Tesco is the largest retailer in UK with a revenue of more than 60 billion pounds (Wrigley, 2014). Analysis It is important that the organisations would be able to achieve a good growth rate only when there is a direct mapping between personal goals and objectives of employees and professional goals and objectives. The presence of a performance management system helps organisations to manage strategic and operational goals (Renwick, 2009). The performance management system for Tesco is a critical HRM function that helps the management to develop future growth strategy. Performance Management for Tesco The performance management system for Tesco is a medium to ensure that the business goals are meet by the employees. It is a strategic tool for the company that helps it to focus on employees and organisation as a whole (Kourtit, 2013). The management of Tesco, as a whole, believes that a company might have a world-class performance management system in place, but the system is only as effective as the managers who implement it. Performance management for Tesco is an all-inclusive process which encompasses organisations strategic goal, and individuals and groups performance and competencies objective (Rigby, 2015). Once these critical factors being defined, then the next procedure is how to be synchronized organisations goal into Human resource management where all the entitlement, rewards, and other criteria are embedded for the success of the organisations to achieve its goal. In the process of implementing performance management, one has to be seriously considered is an integrated training facility which provides essential training based on the employees status and responsibilities to attain the performance management goal. There are six components of performance management system for Tesco. These components can be discussed as: The performance planning component that is the first step and most important component of performance management system Performance appraisal and review that happens between managers and employees Feedback mechanism on the performance of employees. The feedback is provided by the managers and supervisors Pay and Reward system component that focuses on performance linked plan, bonuses, annual compensation, rewards and perks, etc. Performance improvement plans for employees that includes the need of training, coaching and mentoring. Future or potential appraisal of employees that includes the promotion and future growth plan of employees. Drivers of performance management system The key driver of performance management system for Tesco is the need to synchronize the business goals with human resource goals. The management of Tesco realizes that employees are the greatest assets and they would be able to contribute towards organisational goals and objectives only when they can align their personal goals with organisational strategic goals. Aguinis, (2013) mention the importance of getting an effective PMS in place in order to improve the organisation and its business practice. However, if not relevant and effective it may lead to poor performance instead. The confusion of goals and targets and along with the lack of buy in from the employees can be more detrimental to the organisation in the long run. Sometimes, the support of top management of organisation for administration of performance management is often more necessary to implementing a successful PM system than well designed PM system without commitment with the leadership of the organisation (Houy, 20 09). It has been noted that the top management involvement and strong support for PM system implementation goes a long way to affirm its usefulness to the organisation and determine its ultimate effectiveness. Without strong top management backing, the system, no matter how well designed, is doomed to fail. Serious commitment is required not lip service. Key features of Tescos performance management system There are seven key features of the performance management system for Tesco. These key attributes or features can be discussed as: Using annual goals setting. At Tesco, every employees has to discuss his yearly goals and the same are used to track the performance of employees. These goals are linked with the business strategy of Tesco. Involve staff in the goals setting process to increase the ownership. The management of Tesco would develop the goals with the inputs collected from different employees. High commitment, support and ownership from the top management, senior management, and line management. The ownership, support and commitment from the top management and senior leadership is be more than HR ownership (Saravanja, 2011). Train the appraisee and appraiser on the PMS and appraisal system. Tesco has invested a lot on training and development programs for appraisee and appraiser. The focus on training and development programs has helped the company to have a standardize performance management system in place. Appraisal meeting is separated than development discusses meeting and is done before the later. The focus on availability of good managers with strong leadership mindsets. Tesco realizes that it must have leaders and not managers to focus on the path of sustainable development. PMS is supported and integrated with other HR function such as training, development and rewards. Impact of performance management The impact of performance management system has been positive for Tesco. Often times, performance management system remains ineffectual and inefficient because it is be driven by Human Resources department responsibility and it is usually considered as a seasonal ritual of less importance to many managers who considers their core obligation in the company as top priority and rather result to abrasives filling of one directional forms with little or no feedback from other members of the teams or organisational. (Aguinis, 2013). However, this is not the case with Tesco. The performance management system has emerged as a critical business function for Tesco with high impact. With established performance management system, the employees are able to work with high level of motivation and productivity. It has helped employees to define the goals and work to achieve these goals. The impact of performance management system is positive for organisation as well. Tesco has been able to manage its employees well with the established performance management system. It has helped Tesco to achieve its goals and objectives (Moore, 2013). It can be said that both organisation and employees has positive vibes for performance management system and it is expected that this impact would remain positive for Tesco and its employees. One of the negative impacts of this system is an increase in the competition among employees. The performance based reward system is the part of Tescos performance management system. With this system, employees have to work hard to perform better than other employees. The solution to this problem is to develop an organizational culture where employees understand and realize the benefits of performance based reward system. Conclusion It would be correct to say that the companies that want to increase organisational and employee performance and productivity should invest in getting the right managers in place and support them in engaging their employees. For Tesco, performance management system is an ongoing process, the commitment of leadership of Tesco should not be seen as one time pass but also continuous and repetitive. This is because Tesco started well with backing of the top management of the organisation and along the line drop their support by relaxing their commitment and this resulted into poor implementation of performance management system. However, gaining support of performance management system can be enhance with well-designed system that not failed to carry all the categories of employees along in their preliminary consideration. Many times reasons for the performance systems are well laid out and the workforce misconstrue the aim and objectives of the top management or department of human resou rces who hands are not too busy compare to other technical department like operations or accounts. For performance management system to gain support and commitment of employees in Tesco, involvement in the design of the system might give more light into grey areas which mar the whole effort of the system. Nankervis Compton (2006) asserted this view that one way of increasing the acceptance and commitment to performance management system in an organisation is initiate the participation of the employees all levels including the managerial and non-managerial, supervisors and non-supervisors. Employee involvement can also be beneficial in identifying possible problems or weaknesses in a system and in coming up with suggestions for improvement. References Aguinis, H., (2013) Performance management. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Beauvallet, G., Houy, T. (2009). Research on HRM and lean management: a literature survey.International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management,10(1), 14-33. Burke, R.J. Cooper, C.L. (2005)Reinventing Human Resource Management: Challenges and New Directions. London. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group Brannen, M. Y., Moore, F., Mughan, T. (2013, September). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco Plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams. In Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2013, No. 1, pp. 282-299). Haddock-Millar, J., Rigby, C. (2015, January). Business Strategy and the Environment: Tesco Plc's Declining Financial Performance and Underlying Issues. InGlobal Conference on Business Finance Proceedings(Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 127). Institute for Business Finance Research. Hunter, W., Renwick, D. (2009). Involving British line managers in HRM in a small non-profit work organisation.Employee Relations,31(4), 398-411. Nankervis, R. A., Compton, R. L. (2006) .Performance management: theory in practice? Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 44 (1), pp. 83-101 Saravanja, M. (2011) 10 Reasons Why Performance Management Fails and how to remedy them, Regenesys. [Online] Available from: https://regenesys.co.za/2011/03/10-reasons-why-performance-management-fails-and-how-to-remedy-them/ (Accessed: 21 March 2016). Waal, A. Kourtit, K. (2013) Performance Measurement and Management in Practice,International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(5), pp. 446-473. Wood, S., Coe, N. M., Wrigley, N. (2014). Multi-scalar localization and capability transference: exploring embeddedness in the Asian retail expansion of Tesco.Regional Studies, 1-21. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tesco's Current Operations Managemen.Journal of Management and Sustainability,4(4), 184.

Analysis Case Studies

Analysis Case Studies Analysis Case Studies Analysis Case Studies: You Will Find Some Help Here! Probably, a lot of case studies could be considered as the reflection of business deals: the reader imagines he/she is a manager and he/she is able to find the solution of some current issue. Actually, the most of case studies imply the presence of clear decision, however sometimes situation requires almost absolute inaction. Before you are going to be occupied with a case study analysis, first, try to figure out the purpose and structure of the case study. First, you should look through the case carefully, single out the key factors and then you may follow our guideline. Do not neglect the possibility to read the text several times: it will help you to understand the organizations issue better. Analysis Case Studies: Main Steps When you have processed the information thoroughly, you could start your writing with the following manual that will ease your work under case study analysis:Examine and Take a Deep Analysis of the C ompany, Its History and Development. Definitely, a companys presence and future could be reflected in the past. So, make a critical review of organizations history, its origins, path of development, possible ascend and descent, inner structure before your case study analysis; Define Advantages and Disadvantages of Investigated Company. Now, when you have collected the necessary information about the organizations historical path, keep on writing your case study analysis by searching the weak and strong sides of the company. It means you can identify that the company has a lack of big funds, however, it always stand against the hard competitiveness in the climate of constantly changed market; Describe External Environment and Companys Position. This kind of sub-analysis let us to find threats and opportunities from the outside. There are the threats of sudden competitors appearance, change in the exchange rate, economical instability and import of more qualitative pr oducts; Provide a Wide Analysis of Gathered Information. In other words, provide the comparison between your finding from point 2 and conclusions from point 3. Try to figure out the companys potential on the market, its position in the competitive field, and think about the possible changes and improvements for this organization; Determine Corporate Policy. It means you identify and find the companys mission, corporate strategy, intentions and purposes. Define, what type of business does the company occupied in? Describe Companys Business Strategy. It will help you to understand and analyze the business potential of every organization, find out the main weapons in the competitive wars, and identify the management, marketing setting and so on; Think, How Does the Company Realize the Goals? It some kind of inner structure and controlling systems examination, and identification of companys business tools; it also includes the hierarchical working structure, ethical culture, staff policy, system of rewards and other factors; Provide Conclusions. Each part of your analysis is finalized by your personal recommendations for the organization. Every recommendation you give should be directly connected with your case study analysis; Thereby, the aim of any case study is to demonstrate your own views, based on the researches and personal experience, on the actual problems that the selected company is facing.

Obesity and Weight Loss essays

Obesity and Weight Loss essays The Newsweek article, "What You Don't Know About Fat," discusses the ways in which fat cells work in the body and explains why fat is so hard to lose. Authors Anne Underwood and Jerry Adler begin the article by describing the discovery of Leptin, a chemical that regulates the body's fat cells. Researchers found that when mice were injected with Leptin they were able to eat anything and did not gain weight. researchers found that mice who did not produce Leptin ate uncontrollably and became fat, and normal mice who received a shot of Leptin lost weight. These discoveries seemed as if it were the magic bullet of weight loss, but experts have since learned that fat cells are much more complicated and difficult to manipulate than they once believed. Fat cells, according to the article, are difficult to eliminate because they are a part of the body's mechanisms for avoiding starvation. And, once you have fat cells they work overtime to maintain themselves and multiply, creating a paradox that the more fat you have more fat your body wants to make, and even when people do lose weight fat cells work overtime and the weight is harder to keep off. Thus, while researchers continue to look for strategies to help obese people lose weight, the basic standard holds true: to loose weight, you must eat less The textbook describes basic methods of scientific inquiry and experimentation, and these methods appear to have been used in researching the Newsweek article. The article describes tests done on mice to study the effects and purposes of Leptin. The researchers observed the behavior of the mice, developed a hypothesis about Leptin and its effects on obesity, predicting that Leptin and obesity were directly related. They tested the hypothesis and confirmed that Leptin was indeed important to the growth and development of fat cells. However, the experimental results did ...

Assessments in Instructional Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assessments in Instructional Design - Essay Example Generally, assessments are understood as tests that measure the levels of competence, knowledge or skills as results from instruction (Shank, 2009, p.1). Accordingly, good assessments of learning results measure whether students are capable of doing things they have to be able to do as instruction’s result. Dirks writes that assessments consist of two components. These are measurement and evaluation (Dirks, 1997, p.3). Measurement deals with describing students’ performance with the help of a quantitative and/or qualitative approach. Evaluation is about judging the adequacy of either students’ performance or sample work (Erickson & Wentling, 1978, p. 3). Importantly, there can be identified five principal types of assessments use. These are 1) Communication of the student’s achievement status 2) Providing self-evaluation data to a person who is learning 3) Learner placement for certain educational programs/paths 4) Motivation of a student 5) Evaluation of the instructional programs effectiveness (Guskey, 1996). Given this, the appropriate use of assessment can be explained as the one that successfully combines the aforementioned dimensions. In other words, appropriate use of assessment communicates achievement statuses of students, gives learners information for self-evaluation, helps place learners within selected educational programs, motivates students, helps find out whether an instructional program has been effective or not. The use or misuse of assessment can be evaluated through identifying whether the learning goals have been achieved. To illustrate, Shan thinks that â€Å"to determine if needed results have been achieved, results are often measured and assessed against a predefined set of standards† (Shank, 2009, p.1). In instructional design, these are known as learning objectives. For example, if a learning objective for a course of Business Etiquette is to teach students to identify the relevant actions for a numbe r of situations in business where these skills are to be used, the assessment designed as a learning game is inappropriate. This can be explained by the fact that just measuring whether the information presented by the professor has been remembered does not provide any measurement of students’ ability. To design appropriate assessments one should view them as an inseparable part of a complex instructional process. The latter combines 1) designing objectives that relate to needed results and are relevant to them; 2) designing assessments that are relevant to learning objectives; 3) designing instruction that is relevant to both objectives and assessments; 4) evaluation all three components to ensure they are relevant and needed results have been achieved (Shank, 2009, p.1). To judge about the assessment’s appropriateness one should identify whether the assessment can be characterized as 1) valid; 2) reliable; 3) feasible; 4) having stakes. Assessment’s validity i s understood as â€Å"the extent to which the assessment procedure measures what it is intended to measure† (Henning-Stout, 1994, p. 229).

Death of A Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death of A Marriage - Essay Example In my lifÐ µ, and spÐ µcifically in my marriagÐ µ, I havÐ µ undÐ µrgonÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µs which support thÐ µ points of both of thÐ µsÐ µ authors. I havÐ µ liÐ µd to protÐ µct my partnÐ µr’s fÐ µÃ µlings, and wÐ µ havÐ µ liÐ µd to oursÐ µlvÐ µs togÐ µthÐ µr as a tÐ µam, whilÐ µ thinking that wÐ µ wÐ µrÐ µ bÐ µing moral. As Еricsson notÐ µs, wÐ µ all liÐ µ. It is nÐ µarly impossiblÐ µ to gÐ µt through lifÐ µ without strÐ µtching thÐ µ truth; it is oftÐ µn in our sÐ µlf intÐ µrÐ µst to do so, and wÐ µ Ð µxcusÐ µ thÐ µ bÐ µhavior if it gÐ µts us ahÐ µad. â€Å"WÐ µ liÐ µ. WÐ µ all do. WÐ µ Ð µxaggÐ µratÐ µ, wÐ µ minimizÐ µ, wÐ µ avoid confrontation, wÐ µ sparÐ µ pÐ µoplÐ µ's fÐ µÃ µlings, wÐ µ convÐ µniÐ µntly forgÐ µt, wÐ µ kÐ µÃ µp sÐ µcrÐ µts, wÐ µ justify lying to thÐ µ big-guy institutions. LikÐ µ most pÐ µoplÐ µ, I indulgÐ µ in small falsÐ µhoods† (Еricsson, 2011). In my m arriagÐ µ, my spousÐ µ and I both rÐ µalizÐ µ this, and wÐ µ also rÐ µalizÐ µ it about Ð µach othÐ µr. WhÐ µn wÐ µ fight, wÐ µ may call Ð µach othÐ µr liars, but on a basic lÐ µvÐ µl, wÐ µ both know that lying is somÐ µthing wÐ µ also do togÐ µthÐ µr. Еricsson dÐ µscribÐ µs this act of lying togÐ µthÐ µr in social groups, in hÐ µr Ð µssay as groupthink.

Introduction to Tort Law, Negligence

Introduction to Tort Law, Negligence Law is a system of rules created by the government in order to regulate and protect the society. Law is highly important to protect the rights of every member of the society from being harmed by others or even by themselves. The first case under analysis is related to Phil, who is a freelance airline catering truck driver and is being prosecuted for carelessly knocking down Colin while waiting at a set of traffic lights on the perimeter road of Heathrow Airport. On turning left at the lights Phil knocked down Colin, who sustained a broken collar bone, a broken leg and serious head injuries. Hilary, Colin’s wife, who was supposed to meet Colin at the traffic lights, witnessed the accident and suffered a nervous shock as a result. The other case refers to Ralf, a health and safety officer, who was visiting one of XYZ plc construction sites when was hit by a digger which Alex moved in order to get it out of the way of his truck. As a result, Ralf sustained two fractured ribs. Thi s assignment will have an analysis on both cases along with the claims that plaintiffs are able to bring and recommendations for the same. The modern tort of negligence has begun with the case of Donghue v Stevenson (1932). Negligence refers to conduct that falls below the standards established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm. A person has acted negligently if he or she has departed from the conduct expected of a reasonable person acting under similar circumstances. Colin v Phil (2015) The parties in this case are Colin, who is the plaintiff, and Phil, who is the defendant. This case between Colin and Phil is a Tort of Negligence issue, under the civil law, as there is a breach of duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, resulting in damages to the plaintiff. Tort is a wrongdoing that results in injury to another person or damage to property. Cyclists, as legitimate road users, must follow all highway laws, and as they are especially vulnerable, should take extra care while at the highways. Trucks make wide turns and Colin should have been more cautious and waited behind the truck until Phil has completed the manoeuvre as the rear wheels come very close to the pavement while turning. At the time of the accident, Colin was wearing head phones, listening to an earlier â€Å"Legislative Frameworks† lecture, which is not considered illegal, however, it is unsafe as it reduces the individual’s concentration drastically. The rule 73 of the UK Highway Code states that â€Å"cyclists should pay particular attention to long vehicles which need more room than usual to manoeuvre at corners. Truck drivers may not see the cyclists. They may have to move over to the right before turning left. Cyclists should wait until the trucks have completed the manoeuvre as the rear wheels come very close to the kerb while turning. T he space between the long vehicles and the kerb should not be a temptation to cyclists†. Probably, if Colin was not wearing head phones, could have avoided this accident. Phil owed a duty of care towards Colin, therefore, the defendant is in breach of duty when fails to see Colin before turning left. Breach of duty occurs where a defendant falls below the standard of a reasonable person, in other words, he acted carelessly. Colin should be able to bring a claim against Phil due to his negligence driving – see Clenshaw V Tanner (2002). In order for Colin’s claim of tortuous liability to be succeed, primarily, certain fundamental factors need to be proved: i) the existence of a duty of care owed Phil to Colin; ii) Phil’s duty has been breached or broken; iii) the breach of duty resulted in Colin’s damage or injury. However, based upon Garatt v Saxby (2004), Phil may be able to reduce his damages if he proves that Colin’s negligence cycling has contributed to the accident by wearing head phones while cycling and standing on the nearside of his truck while waiting at the traffic lights – see Froom v Butcher 1976. Hilary v Phil (2015) In English law, claims for nervous shock are related to psychiatric injury or illness as a result of seeing or hearing an event caused by a negligent breach of duty. The leading case of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire (1992), defines the primary and secondary victims and the requirements to be met by the latter. The secondary victim has to meet to be eligible to bring a claim, which is in addition to be owed a duty of care by the defendant. A claim for nervous shock is likely to be arise when an individual witnesses an accident in which a relative is injured. In order to succeed in a claim for psychiatric harm against Phil, Hilary will have to prove that she has a close tie and affection towards Colin, witnessed the accident with her own senses and proximity to the event and that her psychiatric illness was caused by it. Hilary witnessed her own husband Colin being severely injured when he collided with Phil’s truck at the lights, where was supposed to meet him. Th erefore, based upon Kelly v Hennessy (1995), Hilary would be able to bring a claim against Phil as she suffered a recognisable psychiatric illness caused by the defendant’s act. The parties in this case are Ralf, who is the plaintiff, Alex and XYZ plc, who are the defendants. This case between Ralf, Alex and XYZ plc is also a Tort of Negligence issue, under the civil law, as there is a breach of duty of care owed by the defendants towards the plaintiff, resulting in damages to the plaintiff. Ralf v Alex (2015) Every employees who work in construction sites have to be aware how dangerous their jobs may be in their workplaces. It is extremely important to make sure that every worker takes the all the precautions and wear safety equipment and follow all the safety rules while on site. Also, the employers and main contractors on duty have the obligation to provide a safe workplace and system of work. According to leighday.co.uk, 2 million people are currently employed in the construction industry, which represents only 5% of the employees in Britain, however, 22% of fatal accidents are related to this industry. Ralf sustained two fractured ribs as a result of being carelessly hit by a digger, which Alex was moving in order to get it out of the way of his truck. Alex, as a responsible construction employee, should be aware of the safety rules within construction sites and his prohibition of driving any vehicle on site, except his truck. Also, it is important to highlight that Alex was returning late from his lunch break at the time of the accident. Therefore, Ralph should be able to bring a claim against Alex due to his breach of duty, negligence driving and breach of contract, which led to causation, two broken ribs – see Donoghue v Stevenson 1932. Based upon Hadley v Baxendale (1854), breach of contract occurs when there is a failure to adhere to the terms of a valid contract. Ralf v XYZ plc (2015) As was already mentioned above, constructions sites are extremely dangerous environments, however, the employers or main contractors on site have the obligation to ensure the safety of any employees, contractors or visitors to the site in order to minimise any possible dangers. Ralf should be entitled to claim a compensation from XYZ plc to pay the medical treatments and cover the financial pressures from being unable to work, as the employers or main contractors on site have not done everything they could to stop him from being injured by Alex. Based upon Doughty v Turner Manufacturing Company(1964), this is an example of breach of duty of care as XYZ plc failed to provide a duty of care towards Ralph, resulting in damage on the safety officer. The supervisors on duty should be aware of what Alex was about to do and have stopped him. Duty of care is an obligation recognized by law requiring a person to conform to a certain standard of conduct for the protection of others. Finally, this assignment has provided an analysis of two cases. The first case is about Phil, a truck driver who is facing legal issues for carelessly knocking down Colin, a cyclist, at the perimeter road of Heathrow Airport, causing him serious injurious. As a result, Hilary (Colin’s wife who was supposed to meet her husband at the traffic lights), witnessed the accident and sustained a nervous shock as a result. The second case relates to Ralph, a health and safety officer, who was hit by Alex, a construction worker who is also facing legal issues for moving a digger in order to get it out of the way of his truck. As a result, Ralf has sustained two broken ribs. Along with the analysis, the assignment also provides a recommendation on both cases in order for the claims to succeed. 1520 Words References Hodge, S. (2004) Tort LAW, Devon: Willan Publishing Stone, R. (2008). The modern law of contract. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Harvey, B. and Marston, J. (2009). Cases and commentary on tort. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Elliot, E. and Quinn, F (2005) Tort Law. 5th ed. Essex. Pearson Education Ltd. Cooke, J. (2005),Law of Tort, 7thEdition.Pearson: Essex. vLex, (2015).Garratt v Saxby, Court of Appeal Civil Division, February 18, 2004, [2004] EWCA Civ 341,[2004] 1 WLR 2152 Case Law VLEX 52571340. [online] Available at: http://court-appeal.vlex.co.uk/vid/-52571340 [Accessed 6 May 2015] Leighday.co.uk, (2015).Construction industry accident claims | construction site compensation | leighday.co.uk. [online] Available at: http://www.leighday.co.uk/Illness-and-injury/Accident-and-personal-injury/Construction-industry-accident-claims [Accessed 6 May 2015]. Lawteacher.net, (2015).What is nervous shock? | Law Teacher. [online] Available at: http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/common-law/what-is-nervous-shock.php [Accessed 6 May 2015] Findlaw, (2015).Bicycle Accidents FindLaw. [online] Available at: http://injury.findlaw.com/car-accidents/bicycle-accidents.html [Accessed 6 May 2015] Irwin Mitchell, (2015).Construction Accident Compensation Claims | Irwin Mitchell. [online] Available at: http://www.irwinmitchell.com/personal/personal-injury-compensation/work-accident-illness-compensation-claims/construction-industry-accident-claims [Accessed 6 May 2015]

A Pair of Silk Stockings by Kate Chopin Essay

In the short story A Pair of Silk Stockings by Kate Chopin, we see a great example of realism in the daily life of an average woman after the civil war. Mrs. Sommers lived her early life with a decent amount of luxury, but after getting married and having several kids, she has become quite cautious with her money. She is known to make her careful calculations and bargain her way to a better price. This can be considered foreshadowing for the experience to come, as Mrs. Sommers loses herself to the greed and desire to have a life filled with opulence and pleasure once again. Due to her financial standing, Mrs. Sommers is very frugal and definitely knows the value of bargaining. She is also known for her unselfishness towards her children They’re on the top of her priority list, and wants to give them the very best. Just like any normal mother during that time period. When fate decides to set the 15 dollars in front of the caring mom, she immediately decides to spend it on her beloved children. She lays awake during the night and comes up with a specific plan for what she would use the money for; with everyone gaining from it. What a clever plan! This far into the story, it’s very realistic and plausible for a mother to be this caring and loving towards her family, especially during this time period. The next day however, she makes a couple mistakes even before she starts shopping. First, she is â€Å"faint and tired†. Two things result from this. Firstly, she sits down on a stool, resulting in her hand brushing against the silk stockings. Secondly, because of her fatigue, she is more likely to not have the energy to think properly or have the gumption to bargain like she usually does. Her second mistake was to go shopping on an empty stomach. This will come back to haunt her later, and aid in her frivolous spending. As Mrs. Sommers sits down on the stool and brushes against the silk stockings, she gives in to their â€Å"siren call†, and breaks down and purchases them. But it gets worse, she then goes to the shoe department and tried to find some matching shoes for her newly found stockings. She buys a very stylish pair of boots, but they too cost a little more than your standard foot covering. She then continues to buy a pair of gloves and a couple magazines; completing her breakdown of personal responsibility and self control in the clothing department. She then continues on to a cute little restaurant, and continues to splurge there, because of course, she hadn’t eaten before leaving home. She then gets in a cable car, and heads for home, wishing that it would continue on forever, never taking a stop. This whole encounter is a realistic view on how those who are not used to having riches, or those who used to have riches, and wish to return to their old life, are apt to become irresponsible with the money to which they have been blessed. It can certainly be easy to lose oneself to the worldly pleasures, especially if they aren’t thinking clearly due to fatigue or hunger. Especially during this time period, the people lived very frugally, since they didn’t have a high income, and this could be very grinding on those who are used to living in high opulence. It’s so important to remember that with great wealth comes great responsibility. And this is very apparent in A Pair of Silk Stockings.

Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay

Reasons for in case of dysfunctional families/child abuse + neglect * Drugs/alcohol * Parents leaving kids to fend for themselves * Less belonging to churches + moral life lessons * Parent separation + divorce * Baby bonus may encourage people to have children for the wrong reasons What are the positive effects of a positive (good) self-esteem? ]Positive outlook Positive thoughts Good self-esteem level Good confidence Self Confidence 1. Self-confidence is the belief or feeling that a person has about themselves, which assists them to achieve in life. The development of self-confidence may be influenced by culture, environment, age, ability, life experiences, gender, parenting expectations. 2. The factors that may contribute to the positive or negative development is a poor outlook, poor body image, dysfunctional family. Your culture, environment, age, ability, life experiences, gender, parenting expectations. 3. The perceptions of femininity and masculinity on an individual’s development of self-confidence is strong gender classifications and stereotypes can make –girls in particular- feel less than boys. In some cultures, even in our own, females are pushed into a lesser mental state, not being able to achieve as much. 4. A) Achieves poor academics – negative B) Struggles to make friends – negative C) Takes on new challenges – positive D) Feels good about their achievements – positive Heredity 1. Heredity is the variation in individual growth and development is partly a result of heredity or genetic factors. Genes contribute to differences between males and females and between individuals of the same gender. They also contribute to the similarities between people. Accepting physical appearance and difference, along with other inherited traits, is an important part of development. Genes directly determine an individual’s hair, skin and eye colour, and certain health conditions. Heredity also has a strong influence on other individual characteristics, including height, weight, and even personality. Body shape is largely controlled by genetic characteristics and, although it may be altered by factors such as diet and exercise, it cannot be dramatically changed. 2. The factors that may impact positively or negatively on an individual’s development through heredity are: Positive – olive skin doesn’t blush, good health, tall, fast metabolism Negative – inherited disorders/illnesses, fair skin burn easily, very short, slow metabolism – prone to weight gain easily, drug/alcohol – negative traits (e.g. foetal alcohol syndrome), physical appearance that draws negative attention from peers, allergies (e.g. beestings, peanuts, grasses etc.) Environment Environment refers to the external (pressures) factors that influence an individual’s development. Environmental influences on individuals change as they move through their life cycle. Example – Baby is influenced by family, a child is influenced by child care/grandparents/carers, kid/teenager is influenced by peers and teachers at school. * Low socio-economic household * Unhappy/unsatisfied parents (angry household, lack of attention, child may be scapegoat, low esteem) * Loving, secure, stable household

The Exposure Of Chronic Stress And Trauma Essay - 1823 Words

For many of the young people at LAYN the violence and trauma they experienced throughout their life, almost always chronic and pervasive, is unimaginable. The vast majority of RHY and foster youth have experienced complex trauma, and the young people at LAYN are no different. These young people come to LAYN having experienced multiple and concurrent traumas throughout their short lifetime including: physical, emotional and sexual abuse-often within the caretaking relationship, community violence, victimization and sexual exploitation, extreme poverty and homelessness, parental mental illness, substance abuse and incarceration, and abandonment, illness and death. The traumas that RHY and foster youth experience are compounded by their attachment history, developmental stage in life and their experiences of discrimination and oppression throughout society. The exposure of chronic stress/trauma, most often resulting in complex trauma, has a significant impact on LAYN’s young people, disrupting their development and placing their social wellbeing at risk (Cook, Blaustein, Spinazzola van der Kolk, 2003). Complex trauma has been identified to impair the following areas of functioning in children and youth: attachment, biology, affect regulation, disassociation, behavioral regulation, cognition and self-concept (Cook, et al., 2003; Courtois Ford, 2013). These impairments result in many of the problematic behaviors that young people engage in while at LAYN including:Show MoreRelatedAmerican Psychological Association Defines Traumatic Event989 Words   |  4 Pagesthreatens injury, death or the physical integrity of self or others†(American Psychiatric Association, 2000). 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