An Advocate for Capital Punishment - 602 Words

Why I am for capital punishment Well First let me explain what capital punishment is. Capital punishment, the death penalty, or the execution of somebody is the infliction of death upon a person by a judicial process as a punishment for an offence. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. I strongly believe in the death penalty because it deters crime. According to James Pitkin (2008) â€Å"Advocates of the death penalty argue that it deters crime, is a good tool for police and prosecutors (in plea bargaining for example), makes sure that convicted criminals do not offend again and is a just penalty for atrocious crimes such as child murders, serial killers or torture murderers.† Capital punishment has in the past been practiced in virtually every society, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 95 countries abolishing it and the remainder of 101 countries keep it as a law for really serious crimes. In third world counties like the Middle East and strong Jewish countries they believed in an eye for the eye. For example if a thief was to steal an orange from a market place and was caught they would take his hand off, the same theory applies to a crimal if they were to take another person’s life then would lose theirs. People that are against capital punishment say that life in prison without parole serves just as well. That would be the case if you ignore all the murders criminals commit while in prisonShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesCons of Capital Punishment Since the mid 1900’s, capital punishment has brought many individuals into many diverse view points throughout the years. Capital punishment is a way of punishing a convict by killing him or her because of the crime he or she committed. Capital punishment will always have its pros and cons. There are opponents who absolutely disagree with capital punishment. And then there are advocates who support the idea. In the advocates view point, capital punishment is a wayRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Wrongful Convictions980 Words   |  4 Pagesup when discussing the legality of capital punishment is wrongful convictions. Advocates of the death penalty say that, while wrongful convictions are an issue, those few cases do not outweigh the need for lawful execution of felons who are, without a doubt, guilty. On the other hand, the opponents argue that the death penalty is wrong from both a legal and moral standpoint, an ineffective form of punishment, and should, ultimately, be o utlawed. With both advocates and challengers constantly debatingRead More Capital Punishment and the Bible Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment and the Bible      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment has always been an arguable issue and for good reason. The Old Testament clearly calls for the death penalty on many occasions, whereas; many of the teachings of Jesus and others in the New testament readily denounce it.   Therefore, both advocates ands opponents of capital punishment have Biblical references to support their beliefs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opponents use the creation story to show that all are created in Gods Read More Capital Punishment Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesIndependence, the Supreme Court legalized capital punishment (Appendix 1). Capital punishment executed for the crime of theft. Since then there have been an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 people lawfully executed(Espy pp.194). In the eighteenth century, England would punish by death for crimes such as pick pocketing and petty theft. After the 1650s colonist could be put to death for denying the true god or cursing their parents advocates. Capital punishment has clashed for a long time in the forumRead More Pro Death Penalty Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped from the ClintonRead MoreDeath Penalty Position Paper915 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath penalty advocate that it deters crime, provides closure, and is a just punishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those against the death penalty argue that execution is a betrayal of basic human rights, an ineffective crime deterrent, an economically wasteful option, and an outdated method. The debate has experienced varying levels of attention over the years, but has always kept in the eye of the public. While many still advocate for the continued use of capital punishment, the processRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of capital punishment in the United States has been the center of a heated debate for nearly six decades. Prior to the 1960’s society accepted the idea that the interpretation of the fifth, eighth, and fourteenth amendment permitted the use of capital punishment; however, it was suggested in the 1960’s that capital punishment constituted â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment†. (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) â€Å"In 1958, the Supreme Court had decided that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standardRead More The Death Penalty Debate Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesa lot of criminals that are just too dangerous to society and death is the only punishment they deserve. I know that it is in the eighth amendment that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, and I can’t think of a greater punishment for a crime than death, but I believe that exceptions should be made. Despite U.S. Supreme Court rulings to the contrary, many death penalty opponents consider capital punishment in and of itself to be cruel and unusual. They believe the death penalty to be aRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescapitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implemented in the United States may be outdated, but yet there is a large majority in the United States who feel capital punishment is necessaryRead MoreCapital Punishment Deters Murder, and Is Just Retribution1364 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Deters Murder, and Is Just Retribution Capital punishment, is the execution of criminals by the state, for committing crimes, regarded so heinous, that this is the only acceptable punishment. Capital punishment does not only lower the murder rate, but it s value as retribution alone is a good reason for handing out death sentences. Support for the death penalty in the U.S. has risen to an average of 80% according to an article written by Richard Worsnop, entitled Death

Risk Management Plan - 617 Words

RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN E-SOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 TOP THREE RISKS 2 RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH 2 RISK IDENTIFICATION 3 RISK QUALIFICATION 3 RISK MONITORING 3 INTRODUCTION Risk management is the process of identifying analyzing and developing appropriate steps to take in dealing with them. The process is primarily left to the project manager but it was decided during planning that risk managers will be appointed. Negative risk that may result in project failure are the most focused on. The process of risk management can be summarized as; risk identification, qualitative analysis, risk response and finally risk register. TOP THREE RISKS The top three high probability and high impact risks to this project are: Lack of commitment The fact that most of the group members are working while studying, posses a big challenge in terms of commitment during group meetings. Tasks not being completed by deadline. Tasks that have been assigned to the group members would probably be delayed due to unavoidable circumstances. Group members might face various challenges while doing their task. some tasks depend on other tasks being completed before starting them and if this task are not completed on time it may lead to project delay affecting other areas of the project. Ineffective communication Communication is key in any group work; communication enables group members to know what to do and when to do it. The method ofShow MoreRelatedPlan Risk And Risk Management Plan1708 Words   |  7 Pages 342), Plan risk response â€Å"†¦ is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives.† This is a link of project risk management during which the PM and the project team can use the analysis result from prior assessments and choose the effective risk management strategy. By planning risk response, the project’s risks can be addressed with their priority, insert resources, and activities, and put into the triple constrains plans if neededRead MoreRisks And Risk Management Plan1240 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Management Plan Introduction An important part any project is to identify risks and to determine how to address said risks. In this paper, I will identify 10 risks that could occur during the making of Coleman Covenant Studios. I will also assess and address each risk in detail. Although I am hopeful the completion of this project will happen with minimal negative risks, I do realize hope is not a plan. For this reason, this risk management plan is in place to acknowledge and prepare forRead MoreRisk Management And Management Plan977 Words   |  4 PagesRisk management and need for a risk management plan. Risk is a threat of destruction, injury, liability loss or any other negative incident caused by external or internal environments. Risk is unpredicted and nobody can guess it might happen in the near future. All of the projects exist risk and the project manager is responsible to identify those risk, which is a part of risk management planning process. Risk management is the procedure of distinguishing risk and reduce risk level. The risk managementRead MoreRisk Management Plan1021 Words   |  5 Pages MANAGE RISK BSBRSK501B RISK REVIEW PROJECT ASSESSMENT 3 Introduction According to data analyzed and evaluated from Hurley’s cafà © risk review to create a monitoring plan for risks. The audit investigated the status of the planned actions on the risks identified below. Plan No. Risk Plan implemented 1 Manager`s travel risk Install the teleconferencing system Planned. The weekly management meetings finish at about 3:00pm as planned. 2 Banking risk Out 5000Read MoreManagement Plan For Risk Management810 Words   |  4 PagesRisk Management Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risk management’s objective is to assure uncertainty does not deflect the endeavor from the business goals. Risks can come from various sources: e.g., uncertainty in financial markets, threats from project failuresRead MoreRisk Management Plan2518 Words   |  11 PagesRISK MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR Australian Open 2009 ESTABLISHING CONTEXT The Australian Open tennis began in 1905, when The Australasian Tennis Championships were first staged at the Warehouseman s Cricket Ground in St Kilda Rd, Melbourne. Until tennis Open era began in 1968, the Australian Championships were held in many different states, and at many different venues around Australia. With the ushering in of Open tennis, the name was changed to the Australian Open, and by 1972, the NationalRead MoreRisk Management Plan2105 Words   |  9 PagesU03a1 Risk Management Best Practices Derrick Evans Capella University BMGT8434 Advanced Risk Management Systems and Research January 24, 2013 Professor Schneider Project Risk Plan Executive Summary HESU Global’s (pseudo named) PMO in conjunction with the Business Continuity Department will develop and implement the risk management approach. Organizational assets and support for the project will be directed and managed by business continuity. An exampleRead MoreRisk Management Plan For A Risk Assessment879 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of a risk assessment is to figure out all of the risks and vulnerabilities there are, or could possibly be within a business. The goal of a risk management plan is to then figure out how to mitigate those risks and vulnerabilities to lessen the impact on the business if ever one should arise. Creating a plan helps not only to identify any risks, but also helps to choose the best solutions available to mitigate those risks. If a risk management plan is not created and implemented, thereRead MoreProject Risk Management Plan1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Project Risk Management Plan PM/584 July 14, 2014 Project Risk Management Plan The purpose of the risk management plan is to identify any event or condition that may occur which could have a positive or negative affect on the project. Risks management is the process of identifying, assessing, responding to, monitoring, and reporting risks. The Risks Management Plan will define how risks associated with the Baderman Island Casino Hotel project will be identified, analyzedRead MoreBuilding A Risk Management Plan946 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to effectively development a risk management plan that will be effective, it is important to start with discussing the framework for risk management as provided by the Presidential/Congressional Commission. We will review each step as well as dis-cuss how each step will be used in the current context of a recent health concern of current head lice species have become resistant to the most widely used chemical used to treat this condition. There are opposing views on whether the common treatment

Pipeline Thumb Handbook A Manual Of Quick -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Pipeline Thumb Handbook A Manual Of Quick? Answer: Introduction Capital budgeting is basically a process of choosing the best investment option. It comprises of various tools and techniques which are used by the companies in order to make evaluate their investment projects for the purpose making an efficient investment portfolio. It is regarded as the most challenging task for the management as it involves decision making regarding allocation of funds to the proposals over a period of time (Parrino, Kidwell and Bates, 2011). The report contains two parts, first part includes the evaluation of two investment options, in which MR PLC wants to invest their funds and the second part contains some multiple choice and true or false questions related to capital budgeting. The report ended with the conclusion stating about the importance of capital budgeting techniques. It is very important to modify the methods used for investment assessment, in order to cope with the trend prevailing in price movements. Inflation is that rate at which the investments real value is worn and a loss in purchasing power is there over the period of time. Rate of inflation provide investors with an idea about how much return their investments will earn, for the purpose of increasing and maintaining their living standards (Petty et al. 2015). The annual rate of return of an investment is eroded by inflation. Investors started losing money on their investment, as and when the inflation rate goes higher. A high rate also results in the increase in the required rate of return of the firms security holders. Thus, inflation does affect the rate of return of an investment to a great extent. A nominal approach used for evaluation of investment takes into account the nominal cash flows with nominal cost of capital. The nominal cash flows are the amount of revenues and expenses, the company expects to receive and pay in near future, without making any adjustments for inflation. In the situation of high inflation, these cash flows become greater than real cash flow (Bruner, 2016). A real approach to investment assessment deals with the real cash flows and real cost of capital. These cash flows are computed by deflating the nominal cash flows with the inflation rate. In other words, their calculation includes the adjustments for inflation. As inflationary situations reduces the spending power of the consumers, the real cash flows shows the effect of same on the firms cash flow. Similarly, the real cost of capital is derived by deflating the nominal cost of capital (Horngren, 2009). In order to calculate real cash flows, following equation is been applied (Bruner, 2016): (1 + inflation rate) x (1 + real discount rate) = (1 + nominal rate of return). However, the net present value of a project does not depend upon any of the two approaches in fact the value of NPV derived from real approach is same as it is derived by using the nominal approach. The reason behind this is that both the nominal cash flow and rate of return are discounted by the general inflation rate which gives the real cash flows and results in the same value of NPV (Damodaran, 2010). Calculation of NPV and profitability index Nominal rate of return (given) = 16% Inflation rate (given) = 12% Real rate of return = [(1 + nominal rate) (1 + rate of inflation)] - 1 [(1 + 16%) (1+ 12%)] 1 (1.16 1.12) 1 = 0.035 0.035*100 = 3.57 or 3.6% The required discounting rate is 3.6% Analysis of NPV and PI The calculation of NPV and PI is done to measure the viability and profitability of the investment project. Both of these are capital budgeting techniques, used by the management for the purpose of evaluating the proposals with an objective of making investments. These tools and techniques provide investors with an idea about the amounts of profits earned by their investments and also about the feasibility of the project (Kinney, Raiborn and Poznanski, 2011). Net Present value is one of the capital budgeting techniques which determine the profitability of a project. If the NPV is positive and higher than 1, the proposal should be accepted and if it is negative and less than 1, it will be better not to consider such proposal in an investment portfolio. When NPV is equal to zero, management can either accept or reject the project. Generally, the proposal having high NPV is advisable for the purpose of investment (Heisinger, 2009). Profitability index determines the relationship between the cost and benefits associated with the proposed project. If the index is less than 1, it implies that the present values of the project are less than the initial outlay. As and when, the value of PI increases the proposal become financially more attractive. So it will be recommended having a high profitability index (Lee and Lee, 2016). As far as the three projects, in which directors of MR plc wish to invest their money are concerned, it will be advisable to the management to go for project A because it has high net present value as compare to projects B and C. It also has an appropriate PI of 1.25, though less than the PI of proposal C but, the project is capable enough to generate high returns. Making investment of cash in money market at the rate of 10% will give more returns as compare to the latter projects. So, the management should opt for project A. Requirement The decision taken by the company regarding borrowing funds will definitely put limits to the investment expenditure, but the same will be in the best interest of the shareholders. As shareholders are the people who have a substantial interest in the working of business and also wanted to have a full control over the company. So decision of not raising funds from outside will benefit them to a great extent because the company will then have equity financing only. Apart from owners point of view, the company will also be benefited on a whole by this decision, as it strengthen its financial position in the market and improves its capital structure. Having the funds financed wholly through shareholders equity, will let the management of the company to utilize their earnings for setting of items other than debt. Also the shareholders will have a full control over the functioning of the company and will also get more returns on their investment. Thus, the decision taken is in the interest of shareholders, though it will limit the investment expenses. Conclusion The report concluded that it is very important for the organizations to take appropriate investment decision by using correct capital budgeting tools and techniques. By investing in the project which gives higher returns, companies will be able to increase their profitability. In addition to this, proper investment appraisal method also tells about the risk associated with each and every project and helps the management to take correct decision. Overall, the analysis helps the companies to earn more profits and to make proper utilization of their funds (McLaney and Atrill, 2014). References Baker, H.K. and English, P., 2011.Capital budgeting valuation: Financial analysis for today's investment projects(Vol. 13). John Wiley Sons. Bruner, R.F., 2016.Applied mergers and acquisitions(Vol. 173). John Wiley Sons. Damodaran, A., 2010.Applied corporate finance. John Wiley Sons. Gotze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P., 2016.INVESTMENT APPRAISAL. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN AN. Hawawini, G. and Viallet, C., 2010.Finance for executives: Managing for value creation. Cengage Learning. Heisinger, K., 2009.Essentials of managerial accounting. Cengage Learning. Horngren, C.T., 2009.Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India. Kinney, M.R., Raiborn, C.A. and Poznanski, P.J., 2011. Cost accounting: Foundations and evolutions.Issues in Accounting Education,26(1), pp.257-258. Lee, J.C. and Lee, C.F., 2016.Financial Analysis, Planning Forecasting: Theory and Application Third. World Scientific Publishing Company. McAllister, E.W., 2013.Pipeline rules of thumb handbook: a manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday pipeline engineering problems. Gulf Professional Publishing. McLaney, E.J. and Atrill, P., 2014.Accounting and Finance: An Introduction. Pearson. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU. Parrino, R., Kidwell, D.S. and Bates, T., 2011.Fundamentals of corporate finance. John Wiley Sons.

The Exorcism of Emily Rose Essay Example For Students

The Exorcism of Emily Rose Essay Outline1 The summary of a true story about God and the Devil2 Exorcism as a matter of possession3 The essence of the phenomenon of exorcism in â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose†4 The worthwhile film to watch The summary of a true story about God and the Devil The film directed by Scott Derrickson â€Å", The Exorcism of Emily Rose,† is based on true story that took place in the mid-seventies in Germany. A true story, as well as impressive church scene, bedroom scene, and barn scene, were the basis for the publishing of a book about the reality of the devil by anthropologist Felicitas Goodman’s â€Å"The Exorcism of the Devil from Annelize Michael† and in 2005 and 2006 the Americans and Germans decided to film the real story. â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† begins with the story of successful attorney Erin Bruner, who has just convinced a jury to release a hardened criminal. Erin is in good standing with her firm, and her bosses read her place among office partners. However, she will have to take part in a process that promises to be a true test for the ambitious Erin for strength and ability to take on trust the ideals alien to the reality of Erin. We will write a custom essay on The Exorcism of Emily Rose specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose,† the cleric Father Mohr is accused of causing death by negligence. The victim is a young girl named Emily Rose, who died of exhaustion as a result of permanent malnutrition, severe mental disorders, and numerous physical deprivation. The prosecution insists that the girl was sick with epilepsy and that she needed long-term drug treatment. The priest is convinced that the â€Å"disease† was of a completely different nature: Emily was possessed by the demon, and only faith in God and the exorcism could help her. But in reality, Emily died. Neither the medicines prescribed by the doctors nor the church rituals could help her and could not bring her back to the reality. The warring parties have only the bare facts and a lot of speculation, on the basis of which they must not only make a fair decision with respect to Father More but also try to get to the bottom of the events that led them all to the courtroom. Exorcism as a matter of possession Exorcism, or getting rid of the Devil, is a matter of ancient and controversial possession, as the existence of the reality of the devil and the demons. Cast death had so many copies broken in the dialogues of theologians, scholars and ordinary citizens that this was not the subject of a single article or even of an important scientific or religious treatise. It is believed that Jesus Christ was the first Exorcist, then this problem was entirely in charge of the church, uprooting demons power from the parishioners in a variety of ways: from moral teachings to forced burning. Derricksons tape â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† is much more drama than a standard horror movie with church scene and bedroom scene. It describes the reality of the devil. In â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† the authors, of course, succumbed to the temptation to intimidate the viewer with a demonstration of Emily Rose’s obsession and blood-chilling visions, but in the plot outline of the picture that evil possession is not the main thing. The essence of the phenomenon of exorcism in â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† In reality, the essence of the phenomenon of possession with demons has not been confirmed by facts yet, and eyewitness accounts of the devil, as a rule, are on a par with the testimony of people who have watched a UFO or have seen ghosts in reality. In other words, in the absence of irrefutable evidence, exorcism balances between reason and faith, unable to join one faction or another. .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .postImageUrl , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:hover , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:visited , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:active { border:0!important; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:active , .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29 .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc82a102b705790aa6c4d4643ed48b29:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye EssayClaiming that the devil does not exist in nature, we are forced to substantiate true cases of obsession (like the one that formed the basis of the film) by purely empirical conclusions, pulling all spheres of human knowledge by the ears. Speaking of the opposite, or rather, believing that God, the Devil, and other religious maxims exist in reality, we risk burrowing into the same power of speculation and contradictions. You can get scared of everything, the devil, inability for true defense in front of clock time. Everything looks so true, so real. It shows that reality can be good only with faith in God. The reality of the Devil is in possession to evil, in having no power for defense. The worthwhile film to watch The creators of the picture do not even try to give an important ready-made solution. The main heroine, as well as an adequate living person, doubts all the way, protecting the priest, whose faith, on the contrary, is unshakable and firm. It is important that in â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† this role was entrusted to a woman, a bright characteristic actress Laura Linney. In reality, her character is forced to make a difficult choice between a brilliant career, a voice of reason and a desire to help a man who, knowing what is unequivocally condemned and stained, is not afraid to oppose himself to the church system and public censure. Interestingly, Linney has already a similar image in the filmography in the brilliant drama The Life of David Gale, where the actress played in a pair with the great Kevin Spacey. In overall, â€Å"The Exorcism of Emily Rose† is an unusual symbiosis of judicial drama and thriller, almost a horror movie. It shows one important thing, well does not always triumph over the Devil, and justice is often delayed with its triumph by the evil. At the same time, the picture finally inexorably slides into a partial happy ending, although the general mood of the tape suggests that there are so many different things and phenomena beyond our understanding and clock time that we can only hope and believe that sooner or later we will know an important truth. That film proves us one more time that there will always be some things we will never understand.

Free Essays on Judith

Judith’s identity as woman warrior put the poem in the social scope of old English times. It was rare that a woman was portrayed as having power, even super-power based on God working through a woman, yet alone acknowledged as being supreme during the time old English times. Surprisingly not, Christian themes are featured in the poem (which reflects the Anglo Saxons vs. Pagan invaders). The most outstanding and important theme in the poem is Judith, the Christian heroin symbolizing good, vs. Holofernes, the Devil symbolizing evil. It is one poem with two very important victories. First of all a woman has been portrayed as the unlikely hero of the time and shines flawlessly on the journey to triumph. This is seen as a symbolic depiction of contemporary literary issues. Through a display of extreme faith Judith is able to overcome adversity and triumph. This is a very powerful message brought about in the poem showing woman everywhere anything is possible through having faith and male dominance will not continue to triumph. In the times where all hero’s and superiors were males, this poem brings about a curve in the history of literature as well as the world. Something as small as changing the sex of a character in a story or poem can have countless effects on the world. Male dominance of the time was based on the mentality of winning and taking, this is exactly what Holofernes was expecting to do. Conquering the woman through rape and taking her prison as a sign of weakness, but the woman warrior prevailed. The second triumph in the poem is good (God) prevailing over evil (the devil). Judith’s faith in the Lord is far more powerful then the temptation of evil by the devil. Darkness represented by a drunken man’s idea to rape a â€Å"helpless woman† is denied by the bright light of heaven shining onto the earth to bring courage and strength to a child of the Lord. Brightness proves to be a sign of good life on earth will preva... Free Essays on Judith Free Essays on Judith Judith’s identity as woman warrior put the poem in the social scope of old English times. It was rare that a woman was portrayed as having power, even super-power based on God working through a woman, yet alone acknowledged as being supreme during the time old English times. Surprisingly not, Christian themes are featured in the poem (which reflects the Anglo Saxons vs. Pagan invaders). The most outstanding and important theme in the poem is Judith, the Christian heroin symbolizing good, vs. Holofernes, the Devil symbolizing evil. It is one poem with two very important victories. First of all a woman has been portrayed as the unlikely hero of the time and shines flawlessly on the journey to triumph. This is seen as a symbolic depiction of contemporary literary issues. Through a display of extreme faith Judith is able to overcome adversity and triumph. This is a very powerful message brought about in the poem showing woman everywhere anything is possible through having faith and male dominance will not continue to triumph. In the times where all hero’s and superiors were males, this poem brings about a curve in the history of literature as well as the world. Something as small as changing the sex of a character in a story or poem can have countless effects on the world. Male dominance of the time was based on the mentality of winning and taking, this is exactly what Holofernes was expecting to do. Conquering the woman through rape and taking her prison as a sign of weakness, but the woman warrior prevailed. The second triumph in the poem is good (God) prevailing over evil (the devil). Judith’s faith in the Lord is far more powerful then the temptation of evil by the devil. Darkness represented by a drunken man’s idea to rape a â€Å"helpless woman† is denied by the bright light of heaven shining onto the earth to bring courage and strength to a child of the Lord. Brightness proves to be a sign of good life on earth will preva...

Where to Find Free Accounting Courses Online

Where to Find Free Accounting Courses Online Free accounting courses provide an excellent opportunity to learn more about accounting  and related topics, like finance, auditing, and taxation, without any out-of-pocket expense. These courses typically go beyond the types of tutorials you might find on YouTube or a general accounting website; they delve into the advanced topics you might find at an undergraduate-level, or even a graduate-level, course at a college, university, or business school. For example, rather than just a short tutorial on how to prepare a balance sheet, a free accounting course will explain how to accurately prepare all of the required financial statements for a business. Earning a Credit for Free Accounting Courses There are some free accounting courses that grant a certificate of completion when you finish the course, but most free courses will not result in an  accounting degree  or college credit of any kind just because you complete the course. Why You Take Free Accounting Courses Online So, you may be asking yourself, why bother taking a course if you cant get earn credit toward  a degree? There are actually a few reasons why you might want to consider taking one or more free accounting courses online: Knowledge: The main reason why people take any type, of course, is to gain new knowledge. You can  acquire education  and skills in a free course, just like you could in a course that you paid money for.  Preparation: Free accounting courses can help you prepare for exams, such as the CLEP Financial Accounting examination. If you pass these exams, you could earn college credit toward a degree.  Practice: A free accounting course is a good way to practice for postsecondary-level studies. If you plan on attending a formal undergraduate or graduate degree program, taking a few free courses online will help you understand the types of lectures, reading and case studies you might encounter in future courses. Schools With Free Accounting Courses Online There are quite a few different colleges and universities that offer free courses or  OpenCourseWare (OCW). OCW varies by school but typically consists of class material like suggested reading, online textbooks, lectures, course notes, case studies and other study aids.   Here are a few respected colleges and universities that offer free accounting courses online: Kutztown University of Pennsylvania:  The Small Business Development Center at the Kutztown University of Pennsylvania offers more than 70 free business courses, including courses related to accounting, finance, and small business tax.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT):  MITs Sloan School of Management has an extensive OpenCourseWare program that provides course materials like video lectures, lecture notes, exams (with solutions), etc. for undergraduate and graduate-level students. Courses cover a wide range of topics, including finance theory, financial accounting, and managerial accounting.  Open University: The UKs Open University provides free educational resources through their OpenLearn website. Courses are categorized by topic and education level (introductory, intermediate, and advanced). Free accounting courses, videos, and reference materials can be found in the Money and Management category.  UC Berkeley: The University of California Berkeley offers fr ee video and audio lectures on topics like accounting, economics, mathematics, and statistics, among others. These lectures were posted in the spring of 2015 or before. For more recent UC Berkeley courses, you could visit edX, which offers free online courses from top universities around the world.

Globalization and HRM Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization and HRM Strategies - Essay Example About 40% of the company’s revenue is generated from U.S. markets. Together with its bottling partners, Coca Cola Company is ranked among the top ten private employers with over 700,000 system employees. The main role of HRM in every company is to hire, train, and to develop employees and even to punish or dismiss them whenever necessary. Being a company with branches, outlets and subsidiaries in several countries, the culture of various host countries has been a major consideration to the Coca Cola’s human resource department. The human resource has amended its policies to allow room for considerations regarding the cultures of the various host countries (Farnham & Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2010). With the changing culture, the coca cola human resource management function is charged with a mandate to provide the glue that binds the diversified cultural groups into Coca-Cola family. The company’s human resource management always propagates a common human resource philosophy within the company. To overcome the cultural barriers, the Coca Cola human resource management has created a program to develop the group of internationally minded mid level executives who will offer guidance and control the employees of the company in different branches all over the world. The impact of globalization has affected the manner in which the Coca Cola basic principles of human resource management as a whole is applied on the global scale, to enhance coordination of human resource management to be more effective. With globalization, Coca Cola company human resource management has initiated new plans to ensure the company’s employees from different regions interact in a safe mode despite the differences in their cultures (Farnham & Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2010). To overcome negative impact of globalization on the company’s operations, the human resource management has come up with programs to offe r special training to newly recruited employees. The human resource management is also placing new employees with the old employees to allow them learn work and the values prevalent in the company. Another crucial area in which the effect of globalization has affected the activities of Coca Cola’s human resource management has been in the area of corporate social responsibility (Farnham & Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2010). In an attempt to ensure there is a healthy relationship between the company and the host countries, the human resource department has intensively embarked in a process of studying the environment of different host countries with a view of finding ways in which the company can contribute to the welfare and development of the people. Labor markets deals with issues such as employments, wages, and also unemployment. In the current economy, demographic changes have led to an increase in ageing workforce. This has highly influenced how the Coca Cola human resource department functions. With labor markets providing the structure through which the employees and employers relate, the company’s human resource department has adopted new policies to ensure that the company’s employees are working in conducive working conditions (Farnham & Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2010). The human resource management has also revised terms of engagement with the company’

Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Dissertation

Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Performance - Dissertation Example This study is intended to provide valuable insight on human resource strategies and their relevancy to employee empowerment in diverse organizational cultures. By analyzing the results of employee and administrator surveys, the research will prove that positive relationships between management and the worker are mutually inclusive of increased job performance and employee retention. An Abstract of The Interaction Effect of Empowering Employee Work Behavior and Leadership Style on Job Performance by Student Name Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Economics The University June 2013 Recruitment, retention, and the motivation of top performing employees have been ongoing challenges for employers. In the past, business entities relied upon the principles of their predecessors to structure human resource management plans through traditional styles of leadership. Today, diversity in the workplace has evolved in to one of the most significant topics for businesses’ management of human capital.Workplace diversity is the foundation for conflict in regard to communication and the attainment of the best fit in human resource management. Behavioral theorists have used psychoanalytic research to find proven methods to obtain positive productive behaviors. When an organization’s leadership styles promote employee empowerment, the level of job performance increases. ... The purpose of this study is to establish the existence of a positive relationship between leadership approach and employee empowerment in regard to job performance. TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 SIGNATURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 P REFACE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 LIST OF FIGURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 LIST OF TABLES†¦...........................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 NATURE OF THE STUDY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 1.1 Sigmund Freud: Human Thought Processes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 1.2 Heuristics and Theory: Trust as Expectation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 1.3 Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 1.4 Motivation: Intrinsic and Extrin sic Reinforcement Learning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 1.5

Arts and Sciences essay Essay Example for Free

Arts and Sciences essay Essay To what extent does the subjective nature of perception act as an advantage for artists and an obstacle that is to be overcome by scientists?  In the theory of knowledge, there are four ways of knowing: perception, reasoning, language and emotion. The central focus is on perception which is fundamentally about using one or more of the five senses to gain knowledge. There are several areas of knowledge such as the arts, sciences, human sciences, history, mathematics and ethics. However, the two focal areas of knowledge are the arts and sciences. A science is an area of knowledge where the scientific method is employed through formulating a hypothesis, constructing a method and drawing a scientific conclusion from the results. The arts are completely different on the other hand. It accentuates the importance of using ones imagination and expressing emotions through an aesthetically pleasing medium be it visual arts, drama, dance, music or literature. Perception is known to be very subjective which means that different individuals can perceive and interpret the same object in a different manner. What may be deduced by someone may not be the same as the conclusion that another person has drawn. The subjective nature of perception has been known to obscure the nature of science and at the same time, work well for artists. Despite certain exceptions, the subjective nature of sense perception can be viewed as a substantial advantage for artists but it can be a hindrance for scientists. Perception is known to be very subjective regardless of the sense because different people have different abilities and tastes. We know perception is subjective because one person might perceive something different from his/her acquaintance. For instance, in the movie A Beautiful Mind, the protagonist Nash has taken drugs therefore he hallucinates. Whilst he sees images of his past, his family and friends are not able to see or hear those images therefore Nashs perception has been substantially deceived. This shows that the perception is skewed towards one viewpoint because people have different abilities to see and hear different things. Another reason why perception may be subjective is because different individuals have different tastes and this can formulate differing opinions about a particular topic. For example, a Middle Eastern person, who is not very accustomed to spicy food, might find jalapenos very spicy because of the amount of heat in jalapeno however an Indian may find it insufficiently spicy because they eat much spicier food at home. Across the world, different people have contrasting tastes therefore this makes the nature of perception even more subjective. However, there are counter claims which contravene with this knowledge issue. For instance, when it comes to color, almost everyone can agree on one standpoint. For example, everyone can safely say that the sky is blue including the color blind people because they only struggle perceiving the colors red and green. This shows that perception is sometimes objective. There are some other examples that apply to the different senses besides eyesight. For example, coffee without any sugar is very bitter and almost all, if not all people can agree on the fact that sugarless coffee is bitter. This shows that there are some aspects of this world where peoples views about a particular object are the same no regardless of where they originate from. This means they acquire the same knowledge. However, the fact still remains that perception can sometimes be subjective because not too many people would interpret an object in the same manner due to differences in tastes, abilities and cultural perspectives. Moreover, we know that the subjective nature of perception can hamper a scientist from gaining correct knowledge about the sciences. For example, according to what we cover in the chemistry syllabus, the atom is composed of protons, neutrons, electrons, electron shells and orbitals. However, these subatomic particles are so infinitesimally small to the extent that no one can be able to see them, not even with the aid of a microscope. This can pose a major problem for scientists because it hampers with their knowledge of atomic chemistry. It also ignites doubts about whether claims about the atom are correct or not. There are many experiments to find out what exists within an atom but they are all different, thus substantiating the subjective nature of perception. However, this can prove to be an invalid argument because different people interpret different phenomena differently. In this case, even though all the people would struggle to see the subatomic particles, some people would more easily find evidence of atomic structures. Acids are another example which substantiates the subjectivity of perception. Orange contains an acid called citric acid which has a high pH and is therefore a weak acid.

Woman at work :: essays papers

Woman at work Women at Work In colonial America, women who earned their own living usually became seamstresses or kept boardinghouses. But some women worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers, and singers. By the early 19th century, however, acceptable occupations for working women were limited to factory labor or domestic work. Women were excluded from the professions, except for writing and teaching. The medical profession is an example of changed attitudes in the 19th and 20th centuries about what was regarded as suitable work for women. Prior to the 1800s there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could practice medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women. Beginning in the 19th century, the required educational preparation, particularly for the practice of medicine, increased. This tended to prevent many young women, who married early and bore many children, from entering professional careers. Although home nursing was considered a proper female occupation, nursing in hospitals was done almost exclusively by men. Specific discrimination against women also began to appear. For example, the American Medical Association, founded in 1846, barred women from membership. Barred also from attending "men's" medical colleges, women enrolled in their own for instance, the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, which was established in 1850. By the 1910s, however, women were attending many leading medical schools, and in 1915 the American Medical Association began to admit women members. In 1890, women constituted about 5 percent of the total doctors in the United States. During the 1980s the proportion was about 17 percent. At the same time the percentage of women doctors was about 19 percent in West Germany and 20 percent in France. In Israel, however, about 32 percent of the total number of doctors and dentists were women. Women also had not greatly improved their status in other professions. In 1930 about 2 percent of all American lawyers and judges were women in 1989, about 22 percent. In 1930 there were almost no women engineers in the United States. In 1989 the proportion of women engineers was only 7.5 percent. In contrast, the teaching profession was a large field of employment for women. In the late 1980s more than twice as many women as men taught in elementary and high schools. In higher education, however, women held only about one third of the teaching positions, concentrated in such fields as education, social service, home economics, nursing, and library science. Woman at work :: essays papers Woman at work Women at Work In colonial America, women who earned their own living usually became seamstresses or kept boardinghouses. But some women worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers, and singers. By the early 19th century, however, acceptable occupations for working women were limited to factory labor or domestic work. Women were excluded from the professions, except for writing and teaching. The medical profession is an example of changed attitudes in the 19th and 20th centuries about what was regarded as suitable work for women. Prior to the 1800s there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could practice medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women. Beginning in the 19th century, the required educational preparation, particularly for the practice of medicine, increased. This tended to prevent many young women, who married early and bore many children, from entering professional careers. Although home nursing was considered a proper female occupation, nursing in hospitals was done almost exclusively by men. Specific discrimination against women also began to appear. For example, the American Medical Association, founded in 1846, barred women from membership. Barred also from attending "men's" medical colleges, women enrolled in their own for instance, the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, which was established in 1850. By the 1910s, however, women were attending many leading medical schools, and in 1915 the American Medical Association began to admit women members. In 1890, women constituted about 5 percent of the total doctors in the United States. During the 1980s the proportion was about 17 percent. At the same time the percentage of women doctors was about 19 percent in West Germany and 20 percent in France. In Israel, however, about 32 percent of the total number of doctors and dentists were women. Women also had not greatly improved their status in other professions. In 1930 about 2 percent of all American lawyers and judges were women in 1989, about 22 percent. In 1930 there were almost no women engineers in the United States. In 1989 the proportion of women engineers was only 7.5 percent. In contrast, the teaching profession was a large field of employment for women. In the late 1980s more than twice as many women as men taught in elementary and high schools. In higher education, however, women held only about one third of the teaching positions, concentrated in such fields as education, social service, home economics, nursing, and library science.

Business Plan for Restaurant

Products and Services : Theme – â€Å"Food Fusion† Singapore being truly a trans-national epitome and embraces every culture with due dignity and respect, it is just apt for us to theme our restaurant menu into a â€Å"Food Fusion†. Fusion food is a combination of various forms of cookery and comes in several forms. Regional fusion combines different cuisines of a region or sub-region into a single eating experience. Asian fusion restaurants, which combine the various cuisines of different Asian countries, have become popular in many parts of the United States and United Kingdom.Often featured are South Asian, East Asian, and South-East Asian dishes alongside one another and offering dishes that are inspired combinations of such cuisines. In Singapore with highest influx of migrants, fusion cuisine is being reinvented and is becoming increasingly the norm at numerous cafes and restaurants with the quality and creativity of Asian-fusion restaurants. Foods based on one culture, but prepared using ingredients and flavors inherent to another culture, are also considered forms of fusion cuisine which is our them â€Å"Food Fusion†, a fine blend of Asia. Sing-Foo’sion Special :Signature dish of Singapore, similar to â€Å"Singapore Sling† drink. * Indo-Chinese Foo’sion * Malay-Indo Foo’sion * Indo-Conti Foo’sion * Japanese-Indo Foo’sion * Indo-Western Foo’sion Aromatic Soups * ‘Pho' – sliced beef or chicken noodle soup topped w/thai basil, cilantro, culantro & bean sprouts. * Spicy Lemongrass ‘Hue' Beef, Chicken Or Tofu. * Seafood Tom Yum. * Vietnamese Hot & Sour Soup * Wakame Tofu Miso. Fresh Fusion Starters * Fusion Spring Rolls. * Crispy Taro Ball * Patate Douce Fritters * Herberd Cherrystones served with a spicy lime sauce * Coco curry mussels with grape tomatoes.Oodles of noodles * Coco Curry Butterfly Shrimp Or Tofu * Pad Thai * Tofu Vermicelli * Grilled Pork Chop Ve rmicelli * Sesame Noodles * Spicy Udon Chicken, Tofu & Veggies. Grains Fry-ins * Chicken Or Tofu Pineapple Fried Rice * Crispy Thai Basil Chicken * Vietnamese Five Spice Marinade Grilled Pork Chops * Charbroiled Lemongrass Chicken * Sauteed Coconut Curry Lemongrass Chicken, Shrimp, Tofu Or Beef Hot Calming Herbals and Smoothies * Organic Black pepper Coke * Milky Green Ginger Teh * Hot Soy Expresso * Fusion Sangria smoothy * Young Coconut creamy tero 5. Market Analysis ?†¢Summary? Industry Analysis? †¢Target Market? †¢Customer Profile? †¢Major competitors and participants? †¢Market Segmentation? †¢Projected Market Growth and Market Share Objectives Singapore is the place for food lovers and it offers most of the international cuisines. Singapore’s food and beverage (F&B) services industry contributed approximately SGD 11. 36bn or 3. 5% to the country’s total GDP in 2011. Ministry of Trade and industry has estimated 4% growth in Accommodati on and food services industry in Singapore supported by healthy growth in visitor arrivals with restaurants achieving about 5. 5 growth. With Tourist arrivals at ever time high and with upcoming international cruise terminal next to MBS , Marina Bay sands(MBS) is best placed for having a restaurant. It has many restaurants offering International cuisine for business as well as leisure. With many highflying tourists and locals too visiting this integrated resort, there is room for Value for money restaurants offering quick lunch/dinner. Event Plaza in MBS attracts crowds who visit Arts and science museum as well as light and water show.Converting these footfalls in to business is the key issue. Customers include visitors to Exhibition center , Casino , and the evening crowds to the light shows for less than $10 meal. MBS has many restaurants like A Taste of Nanyang, Bay Sushi, Celebrity chef restaurants too. There are not many offering Indian food except Punjab Grill by Jiggs Kalra f or high end dining. Target market is Indian food lovers and in 20 to 50 age groups , who frequent the Marina bay sands attractions. Pricing and demographics help in targeting the right customer.Market growth is a factor of visibility of the restaurant, driving the message of affordability and easy accessibility to the visiting crowds. Singapore food consumptions accounts for 3% of GDP and it has highest food consumption levels in South east Asia. Working with The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA), Health Promotion Board (HPB) and National Environment Agency (NEA) on offering healthier food will go long way in building the food brand. Food and beverage industry has the social obligation to support healthy and active lifestyles and thus iffering healthy food will lead to increased sales and market share within the MBS rea. 10. Marketing Plan †¢Creating and Maintaining Customers †¢Product Pricing Strategy? †¢Product Positioning †¢Sales and Distribution Plan à ¢â‚¬ ¢Promotional Strategy Expenditure on F&B has grown steadily in Singapore, with market value expanding from USD 8. 3bn in 2006 to USD 11. 4bn in 2011. Attracting customers and repeat customers in a challenge where visitors arrivals are event based. To have a healthy customer base it is necessary to tie up with Event organizers like Singapore Tourism board, MICE organizers.Sign boards on healthy eating along the marina bay Promenade to attract crowds, tit bits of healthy Indian foods and how to choose healthy food and stay fit , offering SGD 10 experience as the prime product in allocation (MBS) where healthy dining may be rare and is expensive. Positioning with value for money healthy dining experience, liaising up with HR departments of neighboring working population to have lunchtime crowds , leaflets dining events around the marina promenade with discounts about 20% if the whole family ( at least 4 persons) dining are some of the promotional strategies.Healthy dining as brand with strengths of Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian Indian cuisine which offer less trans fat, olive oil cooking, no reuse of cooking oil and, less fried food will resonate a healthy product for lunch and dinner. New shopping destinations like Marina link mall and MBS shopping outlets itself will be approached to be positioned as partners in Market making for each others benefit. Frequent feedback forms to patrons offering discounts of up to 20% on food quality , brand image and service to keep the restaurant in sync with patrons expectations and experience will help to redesign the food offerings.

Psychology of Love

of Triangular Love Theory and The Effects on Our Brain Merry Alijoski College of New Rochelle Author Note This paper was prepared for Psychology 101, taught by Professor Hertler. Abstract This paper presents the classification of love in Robert Sternberg’s triangular love theory and how the brain falls in love within the three components of love. The research findings hold significance to people who are or have been in love and have interest in classifying their love and understanding how they love.In this paper, research is cited to attempt and solve the biological mystery behind love and how love can be broken down into components. The brain plays a major role in loving other people and the components help define our relationships with the opposite sex. To gather information and results on this topic, I analyzed several books and articles on the psychology, evolution, and brain reactions of love. As a result of completing the above procedure, studies show how dopamine create s happy feelings. Sternberg’s triangular love theory provides components that have scores which increase and decrease over time.The larger implication of my findings reveals how love is complex and so is the biological process of it. Keywords: love, brain, components Introduction What is love? The definition is infinite. In history, scholars have primarily studied the nature of love. For instance, in 1886, the German pioneering sexologist and physician Richard von Krafft-Ebing classified five types of love. These types were known as true love, sentimental love, platonic love, friendship, and sensual love. Albert Ellis (1954) suggested further love varieties: â€Å"Love itself . . . ncludes many different types and degrees of affection, such as conjugal love, parental love, familial love, religious love, love of humanity, love of animals, love of things, self-love, sexual love, obsessive-compulsive love, etc. † (p. 101). Love is very complex and has been broken down int o many theories such as the triangular love theory, types of love, and styles of love by Robert Sternberg. In terms of the biological aspect of love, it is extremely difficult to explain. Discoveries show how the brain processes though the body when a man or woman selects a mate.Results suggest that the â€Å"chemistry† of attraction between people comes from chemical processes within the brain. Components of Triangular Love Theory Robert Sternberg (1986, 1998) identified three terms of three basic components that create the vertices of the love triangle, known as intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment. The intimacy component refers to close, connected, and bonded feelings in loving relationships (Sternberg, 1989, p. 120). The passionate component has the motivational drive that can lead to such romantic and physical attraction, sexual consummation, and related wonders.Many factors contribute to passion such as the need for sexual arousal, self-esteem, association with pe ople, power over others, obedience to others, and to achieve one’s potential. The decision and commitment component consists of two aspects, one short term and one long term. In a short term relationship, the decision one loves someone. Long term relationships consist of commitment to maintain that love. In most cases, decision will encourage commitment. If the love components begin to combine, then eight subsets that represent the classification of love are created.These eight types are extremes for reality. On occasion, someone would have an instance in which there is passion with no intimacy at all. The following represents the triangular love theory including the eight subsets. Figure 1. 1 Sternberg’s triangular theory of love represents the three components of love and they are shown in the vertices of the triangle. The different types of love formed through various combinations of the components are in the brackets of the triangle. _______________________________ ______________________________________________________ SOURCE: From Sternberg, R.J. (1988). Triangulating love. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds. ), The psychology of love (pp. 119-138). Each component of love has feelings that we experience when meeting a person who can be a potential long term mate. With the use of different chemicals, the brain regulates these feelings. To stimulate long term commitment all sections must be involved. However, this often does not happen. â€Å"While these brain circuits and emotions work with each other in a safe and fulfilling love relationship, they can and do function independently of one another.You can be bonded with one person, infatuated with another and have sex with yet a third person† (Schaeffer, pg 27). Schaeffer’s statement connects to the three-brain system theory. The main idea of the theory is that there are three sections of the brains of humans have developed along with the brain of previous animal ancestors. O ur brains are not too different from animals because the main difference is that our brain functions on three different levels. Such aspects of the human brain are reasons for diverse attraction cues and how they vary based on the person when choosing a mate. IntimacyIn detail, the intimacy component alone, which is identified as liking, occurs in certain instances. Such liking occurs when someone experiences only the intimacy component of love during the absence of the passion and decision/commitment components. The person often feels closeness, a bond, and warmth toward each other, without intense passion or long term commitment. The passion component, unlike the intimacy component, has passion without commitment and intimacy. Intimacy or liking, associates with attraction and how the sense of sight allows one to see the image of an attraction person, creating an effect on the brain. The chemical that results from physical attraction (or lust) is phenyl ethylamine or PEA. It is a naturally occurring amphetamine substance from within the brain that stimulates and increases physical and emotional energy. The initial attraction between two individuals causes one to produce more PEA which results in those dizzying feelings associated with romantic love. Another substance that is released by PEA is dopamine. This chemical increases a desire to be physically close and intimately connected. When these chemicals are being secreted in larger doses, they send signals from the brain to the other organs of the body.If you wonder why you or someone is attracted to the â€Å"wrong† person, it may be because you are high on the physical response to these substances, which overwhelm your ability to use your head and exercise â€Å"good judgment and common sense† (True Love and Chemistry). Attraction is extremely powerful and it can be the source of a long lasting relationship. Research shows that signals that come from the body can have an effect of a personâ €™s feelings of attraction for another. Psychologists Donald G. Dutton and Arthur P. Aron created three experiments which show a relationship between strong levels of anxiety and attraction.Male passersby’s were communicated either on a fear-arousing suspension bridge or a non-fear arousing bridge by a beautiful female evaluator who asked them to fill out questionnaires. Aside from the control group, there were results proving that more anxiety was produced during the experimental bridge. In other words, attraction caused anxiety. Passion The passion component alone, classified as infatuated, is commonly phrased as being â€Å"love at first sight†. In this particular component, love is changed into obsession by treating the partner as an idealized object rather than as him or himself.There is a cure for infatuation and one must get to know the object of one’s infatuation very well. An alternative solution is to become convinced that one has absolutely no hop e of attaining the object of one’s infatuation. Infatuations major problem is that it tends to be obsessive. People experiencing infatuation tend to steadily focus on the love, which causes one to waste time, energy, and motivation from other significant things in one’s life. On Robert’s triangle, infatuated love relationships form in an asymmetrical figure.In research (Sternberg & Barnes 1985) reveals that the higher the degree of asymmetry, the increasing chance that a relationship is prone to distress. The passion component, or infatuation stage, is correlated with being intoxicated. These feelings originate from chemical of dopamine. PEA is a substance that discharges dopamine and when we fall in love our brain directs signals for additional dopamine. People are in a happy state of mind due to dopamine’s effects on us. These feelings are common when we have â€Å"butterflies† or we are â€Å"weak in the knees† during the time we are arou nd the person we love.A study created in 2002 by an anthropologist named Helen Fisher, revealed these feelings due to the distribution of dopamine. Fisher gathered 40 young participants who were madly in love. Half were loved in return, while the other half was experiencing love rejection. Each participant was placed in a MRI with a picture of their beloved and one of an acquaintance. They all stared at the photo of their sweetheart for 30 seconds, then after a distraction, they would look at the acquaintance photo for another 30 seconds. Everyone was switching back and forth for approximately 12 minutes.This study discovered that the photos of the participant’s sweetheart’s created the distribution of dopamine into various sections of the brain including the posterior dorsal caudate and its tail, which are the main parts of the brains system for reward and motivation. In cases where dopamine levels are high the feeling of falling in love is rapid and powerful, causing an obsession to occur with the person who gives them that feeling. The increasing levels of dopamine explain why people long for the feeling that loved one give them. Decision/commitmentOne of the most meaningless components has to be the decision/commitment component alone, known as empty love. The empty love forms as a result from someone simply making a decision to love one another without intimacy or passion being present. Usually this type of love is found in motionless relationships and marriages that have lost the attraction and emotional support for one another. Lazarus (1985) identifies that when marriage is solely based on commitment, the other missing components are very difficult to restore in the marriage.Empty love is known for being one-sided in the triangle. After Sternberg explained the components in an individual manner, he began combining the components and created different forms of love. Commitment is connected to how the human brain correlates with reproductio n. We are biologically made to reproduce and carry on genes. â€Å"As far as your genes are concerned, your principal job while you're alive is to conceive offspring, bring them to adulthood and then obligingly die so you don't consume resources better spent on the young. Anything that encourages you to reed now and breed plenty gets that job done† (The Science of Romance). These drives are contributed to the process of selecting a partner with the help of biological cues. Today’s society refers this process to â€Å"romance† and a feeling of â€Å"love†. Our society has changed the drives for commitment with others. There is an excess amount of time devoted to the process of love instead of reproducing children. Commitment is a significant factor for having healthier babies but the societies today are focusing on how and why people have decided to commit to one spouse. Kinds of LoveRomantic love is formed through the combination of intimacy and passion. People who experience romantic love have a physical attraction and emotions for one another. For example, a summer love can demonstrate romantic love, but there is not a real chance for it to last beyond the summer. Such lovers feel an intense passion for one another and feel that they can bare their souls to one another as well. A counter argument is given by Hartfield and Walster (1981) by stating that romantic love does not differ from infatuation. Many possibilities may occur in such a love.Romantic lovers can realize that they may or may not have many things in common. In some cases, a friendship can easily change into a romantic love, due to the admiration for one another and the passion that draws them together. Companionable love results from the combination of intimacy and decision/commitment components of love. Companionate love is identified as a long-term committed friendship. The passion goes away although the intimacy remains. Most people are happy with this type of lo ve. However, some people find it difficult living without some kind of romance going on.As a solution, people might have affairs to feed their hunger for such romance. Fatuous love requires the combination of passion and the decision/commitment components of love. Hollywood courtships experience fatuous love most of time. Once the passion wears out, commitment is left. However, commitment requires a lot of time and energy to develop. People involved in fatuous love think that marriage is heaven and a solution to all their worries and concerns. They are not aware of what is required to maintain a marriage. These people sacrifice a lot for passion and lack intimacy.The combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment forms consummate love. All components being present in consummate love allow people to strive for this type of love, especially those in romantic relationships. Having this love can be extremely difficult, but maintaining this love is far more challenging. We do not seek consummate love because we have the tendency to reserve it for those that have much more meaning for us. The following chart shows Sternberg’s typology of the love relationships. ————————————————- Table 1. Sternberg’s Typology of Love Relationships Love Component ___________________________ Kind of Love Relationship Intimacy Passion Decision/Commitment Nonlove Low Low Low Liking High Low Low Infatuation Low High Low Empty love Low Low High Romantic love High High Low Companionate love High Low High Fatuous love Low High High Consummate love High High High ______________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: According to Sternberg (e. . , 1986), the three basic components of love—intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment—combine to produce eight different types of love relationship. For example, infatuation-based relationships are characterized by relatively high levels of passion but relatively low levels of intimacy and commitment. Evidence for Sternberg’s Triangular Love Theory Sternberg designed a questionnaire, the Sternberg Triangular Love SCALE (STLS), in order to measure the components of love in his theory. Few studies were done on the scale alone (e. g. Sternberg, 191987, 1997; Whitley, 1993). The scale has proven to have good measures of the components, particularly of passion and commitment. Scores were stable for up to two months for the same relationship. Sternberg made assumptions that over time the scores will change. In one study, there were 204 adult participants between the ages 18 to 68; 65 percent were married (Acker & Davis, 1992). On average, the relationships were going for 9. 5 years. As Sternberg predicted, the scores of commitment raised within relationships that shifted from dating to marriage.Robert’s prediction of intimacy decreasing over time was also proven in the study. However, two different measures of intimacy increased over time. A different study assessed German adults for their relationship between the three components, sexual activity, and satisfaction (Grau & Kimpf, 1993). In the theory, it is predicted that the measurement of passion should be strongly correlated to sexual activity, but the results prove that intimacy is closely related to sexual behavior and sexual satisfaction. Conclusions and Future StudyThe preceding information matters because love is hard to define and varies for others, which makes Sternberg’s theory an informative model of all types of relationships. An addition to all the components, information on how the brain works while falling in love, allows people to understand the biological process of love. Love can be classified in many forms and the brain helps select our mates based on the innate genetics of needing to reproduce. Arguments in the paper fit together and prove the thesis statement, such as dopamine creating happy feelings when in love and gene’s principle job is to reproduce.Further steps that need to be taken in the area of the papers research, is researching the purpose of love. There can be a study done on participants and how they view of the purpose of love. Objective information should come from science and religion. Then the subjective and objective findings can be compared and contrasted to form a conclusion. | ReferencesFisher, H. , Aron, A. , & Brown, L. (2005). Dr Helen Fisher – Biological Anthropologist – Home Page. Retrieved from http://www. helenfisher. com/downloads/articles/13JourCompNeur. pdfFisher, H. E. (1992).Anatomy of love: The natural history of monogamy, adultery, and divorce. New York: Norton. Franzoi, S. L. (2009). Social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Regan (2002, October 30). General Theories of Love. SAGE – the natural home for authors, editors and societies. SAGE is a lea ding international publisher of journals, books, and electronic media for academic, educational, and professional markets: Welcome to Sage. Retrieved from http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/3222_ReganChapter1_Final. pdfSchaeffer, B. (2009). Is it love or is it addiction? The book that changed the way we think about romance and intimacy. Center City, Minn: Hazelden. Sternberg, R. J. , & Barnes, M. L. (1988). The Psychology of love. New Haven: Yale University Press. The Science of Romance: Why We Love – TIME. (2009, November 6). Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME. com. Retrieved from http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1704672,00. htmlTrue Love and Chemistry: Exploring Myth and Reality. (2009, November 6). Retrieved from http://www. enotalone. com/article/2946. html| |

Prom Date Monologue - Comedic Monologue for Male Actors

Prom Date Monologue - Comedic Monologue for Male Actors This comedic monologue is taken from Promedy, a teen-age comedy about Senior Prom, written by Wade Bradford. Dante is a rather goofy, overly dramatic vice-president of the Student Body. During an ASB meeting, in front of his fellow classmates, he decides to ask Kay, the text-messaging obsessed cheerleader, to be his prom date. Dante:Kay, I know that youre one of the most popular girls in school, and that you scarcely know how to pronounce my name, or use proper grammar. But Ive had a crush on you since the days when you would ignore me in kindergarten all the way to this afternoon when you ignored me in the cafeteria lunch line. Some might say ours is a misunderstood romance. I remember in second grade, I wrote you a note in Mrs. Souplangers class. It said, Do you like me? circle yes or no. My friends said you tore up the note in disgust. But I knew you were ripping up confetti to celebrate our newfound love. I know that you have been pretending to ignore me all these years because secretly, deep down, you know that you like me as much as I like you, probably even more. Well, you dont have to be scared and shy any more. Im going to make both of our wishes come true. Will you go to the prom with me?(Dante reacts to her rejection.)Should I take the rolling of your eyes as a yes? Learn more about the play and its availability.

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar In English  grammar, parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Also called parallel structure, paired construction, and  isocolon. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. Kirszner and Mandell point out that parallelism adds unity, balance, and coherence to your writing. Effective parallelism makes sentences easy to follow and emphasizes relationships among equivalent ideas (The Concise Wadsworth Handbook,  2014). In traditional grammar, failure to arrange related items in parallel grammatical form is called faulty parallelism.   Etymology From the Greek, beside one another Examples and Observations Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel of fun.(Slogan of Kentucky Fried Chicken)How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live!(Henry David Thoreau, A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851)The loss we felt was not the loss of ham but the loss of pig.(E. B. White, Death of a Pig. The Atlantic, January 1948)When you are right you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative.(Martin Luther King, Jr., Why We Cant Wait. Signet, 1964)Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal.(T.S. Eliot, Philip Massinger, 1920)It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well; to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you; to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth. He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.(President Barack Obama, speech at the memorial service for former South African president Nelson Mandela, D ecember 10, 2013) After a few miles, we drove off a cliff.It wasn’t a big cliff. It was only about four feet high. But it was enough to blow out the front tire, knock off the back bumper, break Dad’s glasses, make Aunt Edythe spit out her false teeth, spill a jug of Kool-Aid, bump Missy’s head, spread the Auto Bingo pieces all over, and make Mark do number two.(John Hughes, Vacation 58. National Lampoon, 1980)New roads; new ruts.(Attributed to G. K. Chesterton)Hes quite a man with the girls. They say hes closed the eyes of many a man and opened the eyes of many a woman.(Telegraph operator to Penny Worth in Angel and the Badman, 1947)They are laughing at me, not with me.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)Voltaire could both lick boots and put the boot in. He was at once opportunist and courageous, cunning and sincere. He managed, with disconcerting ease, to reconcile love of freedom with love of hours.(Attributed to Dominique Eddà ©)Truth is not a diet but a condiment.(Attributed to Chri stopher Morley) Some of the people said that the elephant had gone in one direction, some said that he had gone in another, some professed not even to have heard of any elephant.(George Orwell, Shooting An Elephant. New Writing, 1936)Our transportation crisis will be solved by a bigger plane or a wider road, mental illness with a pill, poverty with a law, slums with a bulldozer, urban conflict with a gas, racism with a goodwill gesture.(Philip Slater,  The Pursuit of Loneliness. Houghton Mifflin, 1971)Unlike novelists and playwrights, who lurk behind the scenes while distracting our attention with the puppet show of imaginary characters, unlike scholars and journalists, who quote the opinions of others and shelter behind the hedges of neutrality, the essayist has nowhere to hide.(Scott Russell Sanders, The Singular First Person. The Sewanee Review, Fall 1998)O well for the fishermans boy,That he shouts with his sister at play!O well for the sailor lad,That he sings in his boat on the bay!(Alfred L ord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break, 1842) [Todays students] can put dope in their veins or hope in their brains. . . . If they can conceive it and believe it, they can achieve it. They must know it is not their aptitude but their attitude that will determine their altitude.(Rev. Jesse Jackson, quoted by Ashton Applewhite et al. in And I Quote, rev. ed. Thomas Dunne, 2003) Effects Created by Parallelism [T]he value of parallel structure goes beyond aesthetics. . . . It points up the structure of the sentence, showing readers what goes with what and keeping them on the right track.(Claire K. Cook, Line by Line. Houghton Mifflin, 1985) Several studies have shown that in conjoined structures, even without ellipsis, parallelism of many types is helpful to the processor,  in that the second conjunct is easier  to process if it is parallel to the first in some way . . ..(Katy Carlson,  Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Ellipsis Sentences.  Routledge, 2002) Parallelism has the potential to create rhythm, emphasis, and drama as it clearly presents ideas or action. Consider this long, graceful (and witty) sentence that begins a magazine article on sneakers: A long time ago- before sneaker companies had the marketing clout to spend millions of dollars sponsoring telecasts of the Super Bowl; before street gangs identified themselves by the color of their Adidas; before North Carolina States basketball players found they could raise a little extra cash by selling the freebie Nikes off their feet; and before a sneakers very sole had been gelatinized, Energaired, Hexalited, torsioned and injected with pressurized gas- sneakers were, well, sneakers.[E.M. Swift, Farewell, My Lovely. Sports Illustrated, February 19, 1990] First note the obvious parallelism of four clauses beginning with the word before and proceeding with similar grammatical patterns. Then note the parallel list of sneaker attributes: gelatinized, Energaired and so on. This is writing with pizzazz. It moves. It almost makes you interested in sneakers! Of course you noticed the nice bit of word play- the sneakers very sole.(Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, When Words Collide: A Media Writers Guide to Grammar and Style, 7th ed. Thomson Learning, 2008) Pronunciation: PAR-a-lell-izm

Sex Insomnia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex Insomnia - Research Paper Example Sexsomnia is a NREM (non- rapid eye movement) disorder caused by confusional arousal results to sexual activities. In simple terms, sleep sex occurs when the mind is inactive, but the body is active. Most case studies reveal that sleep sex takes place during the first five stages of sleep known as deep sleep. Just like children experience nightmares triggered off by scary movies, an arousing dream or a slight touch from a partner in bed can trigger off sleep sex in an individual. The amygdale in the brainstem is the organ responsible for sexual drive. At this stage, the cortex is part of the brain responsible for thinking, planning and awareness (Michael, 2011). Sexsomaniacs especially women tend to masturbate and moan loudly while asleep while men engage in sex with their female partners. In extreme situations, victims can become aggressive and out of control resulting in sexual assault cases. In addition, sleep sex occurs mostly in individuals who have bed partners. Therefore, ther e is no need to walk and look for a partner. Individuals that suffer from sleep sex often have a history of other parasomnia disorders like sleep talking, sleep walking and teeth grinding. Recurrence of sexsomnia is unpredictable. Individuals who exhibit this disorder are partly conscious when it occurs. This is because part of the brain responsible for decision-making is at rest while the brain stem responsible for sexual desire remains active. ... Later she started having sex with strangers she met on the streets while sleepwalking. Other triggers of sleep sex include; lack of enough sleep, excessive consumption of alcohol and other narcotic drugs, stress, poor sleeping habits and tiredness (Michael, 2011). People who have epilepsy may experience seizures that trigger off sexual arousal. These seizures come inform of abdominal thrusts, eventually engaging in sexual acts. However, epileptic sufferers’ remember their sexual acts the next day. Genes and gender are also factors that contribute to sleep sex. Studies indicate that, sexsomnia affect more men than women. Over two thirds of reported sleep sex cases are men. Many people who suffer from sleep sex exhibit feelings of shame, denial and confusion Often victims of sexsomnia shy away from treatment and medical intervention. They do not realize the adverse psychological effects it can have on them (Joris, 2008). The earlier they seek for medical help the better. Victims lack self-esteem and are always under stress. Sleep sex exert in relationship lots of pressure and tension resulting to breakups. Individuals whose partner’s exhibit sleep sex tendencies often fail to understand the behavior. Those who suffer from the condition cannot open up and talk about it. Victims that fail to open up for fear of judgment and ridicule from people do not comprehend what they were undergoing. In worst case scenario, they end up convicted for rape (Joris, 2008). Some suffer from serious injuries around their genitalia due to rough sex and heavy groping while asleep. Cases of sexsomnia have been on the rise since the nineties. An excellent example could be of woman in her mid twenties, who in deep sleep, tore her clothes and masturbated

Q and answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Q and answers - Essay Example These distinctive enzymes function in different ways. Answer: Insulin does not play a role in the uptake of glucose in the liver but it has other effects. It increases the synthesis of fatty acids, glycogen and protein synthesis. On the other hand it decreases gycogenolysis and the formation of ketone bodies by the liver. Answer: The digestion of lipids starts in the mouth where it is acted upon by lingual lipase. In the stomach the action of gastric lipase begins. These two lipases are not great contributors in the digestion of lipids and they act mainly on short to medium chain fatty acids which include the milk fats. Small intestine is the main site where lipid digestion takes place. This occurs with the help of pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2 and cholesterol esterase. The bile salts also play a role in digestion by emulsification which is the breakdown of large fat droplets in to small ones so that the enzymes have a larger surface area to carry out their function. Answer: Transport of glucose in the small intestine is associated with sodium ions. The sodium ions and glucose share the same transporter and the transport of glucose occurs by cotransport with sodium and is referred to as secondary active transport. The concentration of the sodium in the intestinal cells is low. This causes the movement of sodium in the cells and hence the movement of glucose as it is transported with the sodium ions. The glucose is then moved across the interstitium into the capillaries whereas the sodium ions move into intercellular spaces. The provision of energy for this process is indirect by the active transport of sodium out of the cell. This is the reason why this transport of glucose is referred to as secondary active

Global Credit Crisis and Emiratization Research Proposal

Global Credit Crisis and Emiratization - Research Proposal Example The earlier part of the study comprises the deductive perspective resulting in shape of the derivation of a framework to collect primary data through the consideration of general principles or theories. The inductive perspective provides the foundations of the conclusions and generalisation of the results of the survey. The study will be undertaken by using both types of data, qualitative and quantitative. The types of data to be used in the study include both and combine quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative research is an accurate research with "explicit sampling strategies, systematic analysis of data, and a commitment to examining counter explanations. Ideally, methods should be transparent, allowing the reader to assess the validity and the extent to which results might be applicable to their own clinical practice". -- BMJ 1998; 316:1230-1232 (as cited by Simon, 2002) Qualitative data normally provides answers to the questions including the how and why (Gill & Johnson 1997; Creswell 2003). The qualitative data provides a deep in sight to the objectives of the study. On the other hand the Quantitative data is the measurable information represented in numbers (Kervin 1992; Gill & Johnson 1997) to answer what, who, when , where and how much but limited in providing answers to how and why. The study involved the combination of both the data types. In order to analyse the relationship between the different variables in the study the SPSS software is used for data interpretation. 1.3 Data Requirements In order to get the clear understanding of the causes and effects of new MoL laws and credit market crisis on the Emirates economy it is important to use both primary and secondary data. Secondary data has been collected by undertaking the review of books, journal studies, articles, papers and commentaries. Secondary data forms the corner stone at which the framework of the study can be formulated. It helps in undertaking the investigation regarding the concepts or theories which further needed to be explored. Primary data can be collected through the suitable data collection methods. Primary data is specifically collected for the purpose of the study being undertaken and provides direct and clear response to the queries of the researcher. Together the primary and secondary data provides useful information in order to acquire conclusions regarding the issue being studied. 1.4 Research Methods There are two data collection methods in the study. One is structured interviews and the second is the semi-structured questionnaire for the derivation of the primary data. The framework for the preparation of the data can be drawn by using secondary data. Structured interviews are conducted by the researcher when the exact information is needed through a prepared list of questions. The interview questions will focus on the effects and consequences of the law implemented by the MoL and the credit crisis in the world. The questions have been designed after undertaking the study and analysis of the literature related to the subject area (Saunders et al. 2003). The interview will be undertaken face to face as it has many benefits which can improve the clarity of responses. 1.5 Rationale for Using Questionnaire Questionnaire survey is an important tool of collecting the primary data. The advantage attached with

Integrated Marketing Communications in Rural Markets in India

Integrated Marketing Communications in Rural Markets in India With around 6, 38, 667 villages, India boasts of the highest number of villages in the world, hugely populated by 720 million people (72% of India lives in villages). It is a market which cant be ignored by the marketers. Customers in villages have their own sets of aspirations and are willing to pay for the right services. Companies understand that that the rules of game are different when it comes to rural markets, especially in a diverse one like India. The rural environment is different from the urban and therefore communication to potential customers in a proper and effective manner is a major challenge for corporate marketers. An urban communications approach might not hold well in these rural markets and thus there is a need to have a different Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) approach for the rural markets in India. This Research Paper tries to explore and find out how Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) can be used in the rural markets in India and a strategic framework has been proposed for the same. Keywords: Rural Markets, Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). Introduction The global economic meltdown has taken its toll on the manufacturing and service sector of the economy, which, in turn, has slowed down the urban market. The companies cutting across sectors have discovered the importance of rural markets. With urban India in the grip of a slowdown, the rural market is helping industries like automobiles, cement, consumer electronics, textiles, telecommunications and FMCGs grow. While urban organised retail is in pain, its rural counterpart is thriving. All of a sudden, the consumer in the laid back Indian village is being spoilt for choice. The rural incomes are progressing, thanks to the Government initiatives like National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) launched in 2006 which promised employment of at least 100 days to every member of a poor rural household. This served three purposes: It built rural infrastructure Plugged pilferage of funds Boosted the disposable incomes of rural families The scheme was rolled out to all the 596 districts of the country. All told, Rs 66,800 crores has been earmarked for the programme. Another boost for liquidity among farmers came with the farm loan waiver of Rs 65,318 crores carried out by the Government last year. The bottom-line is clear. Customers in villages have their own set of aspirations and are willing to pay for the right services. Companies are understanding that to play the game in rural markets is to understand and innovate products exclusively for the rural consumers and after tasting success can also be replicated in the urban markets. For example, Tata Sky launched DTH (Direct to Home) primarily for the urban markets. However, in the rural entry, the package has been at Rs 99 per month which was a mini-thali of sorts with a bit of everything. The promotional campaigns included taking Aamir Khan as the brand ambassador who could easily appeal across the rural-urban divide and they also do a lot of promotions and demonstrations so as to motivate the local distributors who highlight the benefits of the service. Tata Sky has launched the Rs 99 pack in the urban markets as well. Advertising goes hand in hand with economic growth. With economic liberalization and increasing rural prosperity, marketers are keen to inform villagers about the benefits of buying and consuming their products and services. Prior to the introduction of economic liberalization in 1990s, there was little incentive for marketers to advertise their products and services, as rural markets were predominantly a sellers market. The influence of the electronic media, in particular television, video and the Hindi film industry, is contributing to the growth of rural aspirations, which are being manifested in rural India in the form of increasing consumerism. The rural environment is different from the urban and therefore communication to potential customers in a proper and effective manner is a major challenge for corporate marketers. The majority of advertisements designed by corporate marketers, are largely urban oriented and extend themselves to rural areas without any consideration to the values and sensitivities of the rural audience, which are often in striking contrast to those of their urban counterparts. This has led to a negative perception in the minds of villagers, about urban media planners and advertisers. Rural communication is not a peripheral activity. It does not, for instance, involve taking an audio-visual van to a village and assuming that this step is enough to reach out to customers. It requires an entirely different mindset, which demands getting rid of many mental barriers. Companies have to realize that rural is a long-haul market, as gains in the short term are neither immediate nor large. Challenges in Rural Communications There are many challenges to communication in rural. Low literacy level; poor media reach and exposure and vast, heterogeneous and diversely spread rural audiences characterized by variations in language, culture and lifestyle-all these factors pose multiple challenges to marketers looking to take their messages to the largely media-dark or media-grey areas, of rural markets. Heterogeneity and spread The communication pattern in any society is a part of its culture. No communication medium can exist in a cultural vacuum. Communicating the message to rural consumers ha posed enormous challenges to the rural marketer, because of the large numbers of consumers scatters across the country. The problem is further compounded by the heterogeneous nature of consumers there are 16 scheduled languages and 114 local vernaculars. For example, the dialects used in the Vidharbha region, in Konkan region, in costal Maharashtra etc. Limited Media Reach The limited reach of the mass media imposes limitations on universal communication to rural consumers. These factors lead to poor message comprehension and negligible impact, which fail to translate into consumer awareness and hence fail in generating consumer pull. Understanding the Rural Audience It is not sufficient to understand rural communication challenges as stated above: rather, what is equally crucial is the need to understand the behavioural and psychographic characteristics of the rural audience, in order to develop an effective rural communication strategy. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Tools IMC is a management concept that is designed to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation. Advertising Advertising has four characteristics: it is persuasive in nature; it is non-personal; it is paid for by an identified sponsor; and it is disseminated through mass channels of communication. Advertising messages may promote the adoption of goods, services, persons, or ideas. Because the sales message is disseminated through the mass media-as opposed to personal selling-it is viewed as a much cheaper way of reaching consumers. However, its non-personal nature means it lacks the ability to tailor the sales message to the message recipient and, more importantly, actually get the sale. Therefore, advertising effects are best measured in terms of increasing awareness and changing attitudes and opinions, not creating sales. Advertisings contribution to sales is difficult to isolate because many factors influence sales. The contribution advertising makes to sales are best viewed over the long run. The exception to this thinking is within the internet arena. While banner ads, pop-ups and inte rstitials should still be viewed as brand promoting and not necessarily sales drivers, technology provides the ability to track how many of a websites visitors click the banner, investigate a product, request more information, and ultimately make a purchase. Through the use of symbols and images advertising can help differentiate products and services that are otherwise similar. Advertising also helps create and maintain brand equity. Brand equity is an intangible asset that results from a favorable image, impressions of differentiation, or consumer attachment to the company, brand, or trademark. This equity translates into greater sales volume, and/or higher margins, thus greater competitive advantage. Brand equity is established and maintained through advertising that focuses on image, product attributes, service, or other features of the company and its products or services. Cost is the greatest disadvantage of advertising. The average cost for a 30-second spot on network television increased fivefold between 1980 and 2005. Plus, the average cost of producing a 30-second ad for network television is quite expensive. It is not uncommon for a national advertiser to spend in the millions of dollars for one 30-second commercial to be produced. Add more millions on top of that if celebrity talent is utilized. Credibility and clutter are other disadvantages. Consumers have become increasingly skeptical about advertising messages and tend to resent advertisers attempt to persuade. Advertising is everywhere, from network television, to daily newspapers, to roadside billboards, to golf course signs, to stickers on fruit in grocery stores. Clutter encourages consumers to ignore many advertising messages. New media are emerging, such as DVRs (digital video recorders) which allow consumers to record programs and then skip commercials, and satellite radio which provides a majority of its channels advertising free. Public Relations (PR) Public relations is defined as a management function which identifies, establishes, and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the public upon which its success or failure depends. Whereas advertising is a one-way communication from sender (the marketer) to the receiver (the consumer or the retail trade), public relations considers multiple audiences (consumers, employees, suppliers, vendors, etc.) and uses two-way communication to monitor feedback and adjust both its message and the organizations actions for maximum benefit. A primary tool used by public relations practitioners is publicity. Publicity capitalizes on the news value of a product, service, idea, person or event so that the information can be disseminated through the news media. This third party endorsement by the news media provides a vital boost to the marketing communication message: credibility. Articles in the media are perceived as being more objective than advertisements, and thei r messages are more likely to be absorbed and believed. For example, after the CBS newsmagazine 60 Minutes reported in the early 1990s that drinking moderate amounts of red wine could prevent heart attacks by lowering cholesterol, red wine sales in the United States increased 50 percent. Another benefit publicity offers is that it is free, not considering the great amount of effort it can require to get out-bound publicity noticed and picked up by media sources. Public relations role in the promotional mix is becoming more important because of what Philip Kotler describes as an over communicated society. Consumers develop communication-avoidance routines where they are likely to tune out commercial messages. As advertising loses some of its cost-effectiveness, marketers are turning to news coverage, events, and community programs to help disseminate their product and company messages. Some consumers may also base their purchase decisions on the image of the company, for example, how environmentally responsible the company is. In this regard, public relations plays an important role in presenting, through news reports, sponsorships, advertorials (a form of advertising that instead of selling a product or service promotes the companys views regarding current issues), and other forms of communication, what the company stands for. Sales Promotions (SP) Sales promotions are direct inducements that offer extra incentives to enhance or accelerate the products movement from producer to consumer. Sales promotions may be directed at the consumer or the trade. Consumer promotions such as coupons, sampling, premiums, sweepstakes, price packs (packs that offer greater quantity or lower cost than normal), low-cost financing deals, and rebates are purchase incentives in that they induce product trial and encourage repurchase. Consumer promotions may also include incentives to visit a retail establishment or request additional information. Trade promotions include slotting allowances (buying shelf space in retail stores), allowances for featuring the brand in retail advertising, display and merchandising allowances, buying allowances (volume discounts and other volume-oriented incentives), bill back allowances (pay-for-performance incentives), incentives to salespeople, and other tactics to encourage retailers to carry the item and to push the brand. Two perspectives may be found among marketers regarding sales promotion. First, sales promotion is supplemental to advertising in that it binds the role of advertising with personal selling. This view regards sales promotion as a minor player in the marketing communication program. A second view regards sales promotion and advertising as distinct functions with objectives and strategies very different from each other. Sales promotion in this sense is equal to or even more important than advertising. Some companies allocate as much as 75 percent of their advertising/promotion dollars to sales promotion and just 25 percent to advertising. Finding the right balance is often a difficult task. The main purpose of sales promotion is to spur action. Advertising sets up the deal by developing a brand reputation and building market value. Sales promotion helps close the deal by providing incentives that build market volume. Sales promotions can motivate customers to select a particular brand, especially when brands appear to be equal, and they can produce more immediate and measurable results than advertising. However, too heavy a reliance on sales promotions results in deal-prone consumers with little brand loyalty and too much price sensitivity. Sales promotions can also force competitors to offer similar inducements, with sales and profits suffering for everyone. Personal Selling (PS) Personal selling includes all person-to-person contact with customers with the purpose of introducing the product to the customer, convincing him or her of the products value, and closing the sale. The role of personal selling varies from organization to organization, depending on the nature and size of the company, the industry, and the products or services it is marketing. Many marketing executives realize that both sales and non-sales employees act as salespeople for their organization in one way or another. One study that perhaps supports this contention found that marketing executives predicted greater emphasis being placed on sales management and personal selling in their organization than on any other promotional mix element. These organizations have launched training sessions that show employees how they act as salespeople for the organization and how they can improve their interpersonal skills with clients, customers, and prospects. Employee reward programs now reward employ ees for their efforts in this regard. Personal selling is the most effective way to make a sale because of the interpersonal communication between the salesperson and the prospect. Messages can be tailored to particular situations, immediate feedback can be processed, and message strategies can be changed to accommodate the feedback. However, personal selling is the most expensive way to make a sale, with the average cost per sales call ranging from $235 to $332 and the average number of sales calls needed to close a deal being between three and six personal calls. Sales and marketing management classifies salespersons into one of three groups: creative selling, order taking, and missionary sales reps. Creative selling jobs require the most skills and preparation. They are the point person for the sales function. They prospect for customers, analyze situations, determine how their company can satisfy wants and needs of prospects, and, most importantly, get an order. Order takers take over after the initial order is received. They handle repeat purchases (straight rebuys) and modified rebuys. Missionary sales reps service accounts by introducing new products, promotions, and other programs. Orders are taken by order takers or by distributors. Direct Marketing (DM) Direct marketing, the oldest form of marketing, is the process of communicating directly with target customers to encourage response by telephone, mail, electronic means, or personal visit. Users of direct marketing include retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers, and service providers, and they use a variety of methods including direct mail, telemarketing, direct-response advertising, online computer shopping services, cable shopping networks, and infomercials. Traditionally not viewed as an element in the promotional mix, direct marketing represents one of the most profound changes in marketing and promotion in the last 25 years. Aspects of direct marketing, which includes direct response advertising and direct mail advertising as well as the various research and support activities necessary for their implementation, have been adopted by virtually all companies engaged in marketing products, services, ideas, or persons. Direct marketing has become an important part of many marketing communication programs for three reasons. First, the number of two-income households has increased dramatically. About six in every ten women in the United States work outside the home. This has reduced the amount of time families have for shopping trips. Secondly, more shoppers than ever before rely on credit cards for payment of goods and services. These cashless transactions make products easier and faster to purchase. Finally, technological advances in telecommunications and computers allow consumers to make purchases from their homes via telephone, television, or computer with ease and safety. These three factors have dramatically altered the purchasing habits of American consumers and made direct marketing a growing field worldwide. Direct marketing allows a company to target more precisely a segment of customers and prospects with a sales message tailored to their specific needs and characteristics. Unlike advertising and public relations, whose connections to actual sales are tenuous or nebulous at best, direct marketing offers accountability by providing tangible results. The economics of direct marketing have also improved over the years as more information is gathered about customers and prospects. By identifying those consumers they can serve more effectively and profitably, companies may be more efficient in their marketing efforts. Whereas network television in the past offered opportunities to reach huge groups of consumers at a low cost per thousand, direct marketing can reach individual consumers and develop a relationship with each of them. Research indicates that brands with strong brand equity are more successful in direct marketing efforts than little-known brands. Direct marketing, then, works best when other marketing communication such as traditional media advertising supports the direct marketing effort. Direct marketing has its drawbacks also. Just as consumers built resistance to the persuasive nature of advertising, so have they with direct marketing efforts. Direct marketers have responded by being less sales oriented and more relationship oriented. Also, just as consumers grew weary of advertising clutter, so have they with the direct marketing efforts. Consumers are bombarded with mail, infomercials, and telemarketing pitches daily. Some direct marketers have responded by regarding privacy as a customer service benefit. Direct marketers must also overcome consumer mistrust of direct marketing efforts due to incidents of illegal behavior by companies and individuals using direct marketing. The U.S. Postal Service, the Federal Trade Commission, and other federal and state agencies may prosecute criminal acts. The industry then risks legislation regulating the behavior of direct marketers if it is not successful in self-regulation. The Direct Marketing Association, the leading tra de organization for direct marketing, works with companies and government agencies to initiate self-regulation. In March of 2003 the National Do Not Call Registry went into affect whereby consumers added their names to a list that telemarketers had to eliminate from their out-bound call database. Emerging Tools of IMC Sponsorships (Event Marketing) Sponsorships, or event marketing, combine advertising and sales promotions with public relations. Sponsorships increase awareness of a company or product, build loyalty with a specific target audience, help differentiate a product from its competitors, provide merchandising opportunities, demonstrate commitment to a community or ethnic group, or impact the bottom line. Like advertising, sponsorships are initiated to build long-term associations. Organizations sometimes compare sponsorships with advertising by using gross impressions or cost-per-thousand measurements. However, the value of sponsorships can be very difficult to measure. Companies considering sponsorships should consider the short-term public relations value of sponsorships and the long-term goals of the organization. Sports sponsorships make up about two-thirds of all sponsorships. Social Media Marketing The concept of social media marketing basically refers to the process of promoting business or websites through social media channels. It is a powerful marketing medium that is defining the way people are communicating. It is one of the significantly low-cost promotional methods that provide businesses large numbers of links and huge amount of traffic. Companies manage to get massive attention and that really works in favour of the business. Social media marketing is a potent method applied by progressive companies for selling their products/services or for just publishing content for advertisement revenue. Social media is an extremely useful tool using which companies can get their information, product descriptions, promotions all ingrained in the chain of networking world. Considering the newness of this marketing method, organizations are coming up with innovative ways to develop their marketing plans. New platforms are being created to approach potential clients. A large number of business organizations are allocating budget for online business development using social media marketing. It is a booming sector which is going to redefine the way marketing strategies are being formed and promoted. Internet Marketing Internet marketing also referred to as i-marketing, web-marketing, online-marketing or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. The Internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing instant responses and eliciting responses are the unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in scope because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including: design, development, advertising, and sales. Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, e-mail marketing, and Web 2.0 strategies. Mobile Marketing Mobile Marketing involves communicating with the consumer via cellular (or mobile) device, either to send a simple marketing message, to introduce them to a new audience participation-based campaign or to allow them to visit a mobile website. Mobile connectivity not only enables people to connect to the Internet via a cellular telephone, PDA or other gadget, but also consolidates the different communication channels in a simple, yet effective medium. Cheaper than traditional means for both the consumer and the marketer and easy enough for almost any age group to understand and engage with Mobile Marketing really is a streamlined version of traditional eMarketing. Strategic Framework for IMC in Rural Markets in India A strategic framework for implementing Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in the rural markets in India has been proposed. The following are the elements of the framework: Objectives: The firms need to set and review their objectives for the rural markets. The desired effects and output needed from an integrated communications programme need to be decided and this becomes the base for the next steps in the implementation framework. 3As of the Adoption Process: Awareness Creation: Firstly, awareness needs to be created about the brand and the product in the rural market. An urban product might have low or almost nil awareness level in the rural market. The various tools that should be used at this stage are Public Relations, Direct Marketing, Advertising and Events. Adopt the Brand: Once awareness has been created about the brand, steps need to be taken so that the rural markets adopt the brand. The various tools that should be used at this stage are Personal Selling, Sales Promotions and Road shows. Brand Purchase: Once people have adopted the brand, steps must be taken to ensure that people purchase the brand and become repeat buyers. The tools which must be used at this stage are Sales Promotion and Personal Selling. IMC Tools: As mentioned before, different tools serve different purposes in the rural markets. For awareness creation, Public Relations, Direct Marketing, Advertising and Events are useful. Rural advertising will be different from the urban advertising keeping in mind the different profiles of the rural customers. Events also are very effective tools as they engage prospective consumers. The tools useful for adopting the brand are Personal Selling, Sales Promotions and Road shows. The markets accept and adopt the brands once salience has been achieved in the previous stage. Road shows are newer IMC tools which are proving to be very effective. They should be leveraged in the rural markets. In the brand purchase stage, tools like Personal Selling and Sales Promotions must be used as they have a direct impact on the brand purchase by providing incentives and more direct information about the brand. Select Right Mix of IMC: All these above mentioned tools need to be used judiciously and in the right proportion to achieve the desired marketing objectives. There needs to be a strategic fit between the chosen tools and the IMC objectives. Depending on the stages of the adoption process, the corresponding tools should be given importance over others and also overall media budget must be considered. Adds Incremental Value to the Firm: The implementation of an Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) model in the rural markets in the above mentioned manner will add incremental value to the firm. Since most of the corporate are looking in a big manner to exploit the rural markets in India, the above strategic framework might be useful for them to devise an IMC strategy. And it goes without saying that an urban IMC will be different from a rural IMC. Conclusions Customers in villages have their own set of aspirations and are willing to pay for the right services. Companies are understanding that to play the game in rural markets is to understand and innovate products exclusively for the rural consumers and after tasting success can also be replicated in the urban markets. The rural environment is different from the urban and therefore communication to potential customers in a proper and effective manner is a major challenge for corporate marketers. An urban communications approach might not hold well in these rural markets and thus there is a need to have a different Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) approach for the rural markets in India. The strategic framework for Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) developed in this paper may be used by companies as a part of their rural strategy. Thus the companies can add incremental value to themselves.